Inequality and Income Distribution in Global Value Chains

Global value chains (GVCs), led by transnational corporations (TNCs), have reshaped the world division of labor over the past two decades. GVCs are pervasive in low technology manufacturing, such as textile and apparel, as well as in more advanced industries like automobiles, electronics, and machines. This hierarchical division of labor generates wild competition at the lower value-added stages of production, where low wages and low profit margins prevail for workers and contract manufacturers in developing countries. At the top of the hierarchy another kind of competition prevails, centered on the ability to monitor and control intellectual property rights related to innovation, finance, and marketing. We argue that GVCs have had crucial effects on income inequality and the appropriation of rents in modern capitalism.     

物质生产力与精神生产力：一种批评性辨析

物质生产和生产力同精神生产和生产力具有本质的区别。在社会分工的意义上,文学、艺术、道德、宗教和哲学等精神生产和生产力受物质生产和生产力的决定;在物质生产内部分工的意义上,物质生产和生产力包含了某些精神过程和精神特征,即与体力劳动相对的脑力劳动。不能把物质生产等同于体力劳动,把精神生产等同于脑力劳动。一方面要充分肯定精神生产和脑力劳动对社会历史愈益重要的作用,另一方面又必须确认物质生产和生产力对社会历史的决定作用,这二者并不矛盾。因为这是两个不同层面的问题,后者作为一种“总的趋势”处于社会历史本质和规律的层面,前者则作为一些“个别”存在形式和发展方式处于社会历史的现象具体的层面。     

职业教育理念在教学改革中的实践及应用——以加拿大乔治亚学院为例

20世纪六七十年代,加拿大社区学院为满足社会、经济快速发展对各类高技能应用型人才的需要而得到迅速发展。中国高等职业技术学院与加拿大社区学院在层次、类型、目标、课程上有很多相似特征。以加拿大乔治亚学院为例,阐释和分析加拿大社区学院是如何将其教育理念渗透到教育教学改革中的,以供国内高等职业技术学院学习和借鉴,促进我国高等职业教育的发展。     

论商业秘密的知识产权保护

随着我国市场经济的快速发展及后WTO时代国际经济商事交往的密切,我国既有法律体系的缺陷与商业秘密法律保护之间的矛盾日益凸显。本文从比较法的视觉指出,当前我国商业秘密的法律保护应充分适应并借鉴TRIPs协议等相关国际条约的规定,明确商业秘密的知识产权性质,以切实有效地保护我国各类民事主体的商业秘密权利,促进社会经济发展。     

The value of intellectual property rights to firms and society

Economists view intellectual property rights (IPRs) as policytools for encouraging innovation, but they recognize that theycan also inhibit competition. There are many types of IPRs andinstitutions concerned with their administration. We begin byoutlining how these complex and varied rights are supposed towork and how they interact with other characteristics of firmsand markets. We then survey the available literature on patents,trade marks, and copyright to assess the value of these IPRsto firms and the costs to firms of acquiring and defending theirrights. The paper concludes with suggestions for topics requiringfurther research to inform public policy better.     

山东省知识产权发展现状及对策研究

在知识经济的时代背景下,不同的省份之间的竞争优势建立和该省份知识产权的现状发展有着越来越密切的关系。以山东省为例,借助网络以及文献调查,发现山东省知识产权整体上发展态势良好,但是存在着对知识产权战略缺乏合理规划、专利代理机构有待增加、知识产权人才匮乏、中小企业创新能力不够、知识产权内在驱动力急需提高等问题,与知识产权发展较快地区相比差距较大。本文认为,山东省知识产权的发展,应切实加强政府对知识产权的管理工作、加速山东省知识产权战略规划步伐、增加山东省专利代理机构、加大培养知识产权人才的力度、提高企业自主创新能力,提升山东省知识产权发展的内在驱动力等举措。     

浅谈英汉习语的特点及翻译技巧

习语是语言中独特而固定的部分,具有深厚的历史文化渊源,带有浓厚的民族和地方文化色彩。本文从英汉习语的特点着手,围绕四种翻译技巧,进一步探讨了英汉习语的翻译。     

The invalidity of the Condorcet Jury Theorem under endogenous decisional skills

The current note clarifies that Condorcet Jury Theorem cannot be generalized to the extended setting where individual decisional skills are not assumed to be exogenous parameters even when these skills are homogeneous. This is true when skills are determined endogenously either by a central planner or, in a decentralized strategic setting, by the decision makers themselves.     

中关村与首都经济：知识经济的核心就是高技术产业么？

本文通过讨论中关村的地位和作用指出,要想把中关村科技园建设成创新中心,在轻重缓急上,有昨于创新的制度环境第一,有利于科技小企业成长的商业环境第一,有利于创新的文化氛围第一。文章认为“知识经济的核心是高新技术产业”、“首都经济是以高技术产业为核心”等观点是认识上的误区,北京的经济发展应该是智力服务业和高新技术产业并举,智力制造业鼎力相助的格局。北京应该通过大力发展智力服务业成为全国发展知识经济的头脑