微生物强化采油技术研究现状及应用前景

介绍了微生物强化采油技术的基本概念、机理和发展现状，讨论了该技术的研究方法、优点及应用条件，并展望了微生物强化采油技术的应用前景。     

温州市区及瑞安市区校园直饮水净化系统处理前后水质分析及风险监测

经对温州地区40所中小学校园自来水及净化后的水质进行检测分析,该地区自来水基本符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)要求,但50%以上学校净水器净化后的水中菌落总数反而超标,净水器微生物产生了二次污染。另外,金属元素、无机非金属、感光性状及物理性状等项目净水器影响不是很大。     

MFC 技术处理铜、银重金属废水的研究

将具有氧化性的有机废水池作为电池的阳极,具有还原性的重金属废水池作为电池的阴极,利用微生物燃料电池（ MFC）同时处理有机废水和重金属废水．结果表明,利用铜离子溶液作阴极, MFC最大电压可达到0．277 V,最大功率密度为33．49 mW/m2,COD的去除率为31．6％,铜的去除率可达42％;利用银离子溶液作阴极,MFC最大电压可达到0．311 V,最大功率密度为42．21 mW/m2, COD的去除率为64．6％,银的去除率可达78％．即不管是从产电角度还是从废水处理角度考虑,都是以银离子废水作阴极优于铜离子．     

微生物除油技术在高浊度油田黑水冲击下的应用实践

分析了FX油田污水处理中存在的问题,开展污水生化处理技术研究,分离纯化除油菌剂并在现场开展生化系统小试、现场工业应用。现场使用中成功经受住数次浊度大于2000NTU的污水冲击,生化系统投产后处理效果稳定,系统出水含油小于0.7mg/L,颗粒数下降90%,COD小于80mg/L,低于国家二级排放标准;同时也达到区块注水配注要求,日注水量大于110m3,注水压力下降2MPa。     

厦门市厨余垃圾再生利用的实践

厦门市对于厨余垃圾的再生利用主要开展了三种模式,一是采用生物转化技术,利用厨余垃圾生产有机肥或生物肥料"蚯蚓粪";二是采用微生物处理技术,把厨余垃圾分解成二氧化碳、水和极少量的有机残余物;三是采用生化技术,利用废油脂生产工业原料油脂及深加工产品.厦门市在厨余垃圾的再生利用方面已经初步形成了以企业为主体、多种技术综合应用的社会化运营模式.     

Something old and something new: comparing views about nanotechnology and nuclear energy

This paper provides a review and evaluation of different food‐risk prioritization and management frameworks that have been developed by governmental food‐safety authorities, regulatory agencies and non‐governmental institutions worldwide. It emphasizes the need for a new science‐ and risk‐based system approach to microbial risk prioritization. We find that most studies and projects argue for a systematic and multi‐disciplinary approach to risk prioritization but nevertheless lack it. Human and public health issues have constituted the core focus of food‐risk analysis in food‐borne risk prioritization studies, where the majority of studies use the concept of disease burden. Even though it is widely recognized that economic and market‐level impacts of microbial hazards and preventive interventions to reduce food‐borne risks are crucial to the performance of industries and markets, they are almost never accounted for in risk prioritization frameworks.     

张家界、韶山和衡山空气微生物粒子沉降量分析

对张家界、韶山和衡山空气微生物粒子沉降量用自然沉降法作了测定，三地的空气微生物污染处于轻-中度状态，以轻污染为主，衡山的空气污染最轻；三地空气多以细菌污染为主，张家界空气真菌含量较大；分析了三地空气微生物粒子沉降量的差异及原因，讨论了空气微生物粒子沉降量的昼夜变化。     

草原蘑菇圈生态学研究进展

目的 蘑菇圈真菌是草原生态系统的重要组成部分,作为分解者参与草原生态系统的物质循环与能量流动,也是重要的生物多样性资源,具有重要的食用及药用价值。文章梳理了涉及草原蘑菇圈特征、机理和影响等研究文献,总结了近年来的研究成果,提出了今后研究设想,为后续研究提供一定的参考。方法 按照“蘑菇圈分布、类型、机制以及其对植物、土壤和微生物的作用”这一逻辑,以文献综述法对相关文献进行综述。结果 通过对现有国内外文献进行系统梳理,总结了草原蘑菇圈的类型和分布,蘑菇圈发育的生理生态学机理,蘑菇圈对牧草产量和品质的影响以及其对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物的影响。结论 蘑菇圈是植物,土壤和真菌/微生物三者之间相互作用的结果,蘑菇圈真菌直接或间接改变了土壤理化性质,微生物群落及酶活性,并可通过化感作用或与植物间形成菌根/寄生关系,其分泌物或裂解后的产物刺激植物生长或杀灭植物,从而促进或抑制植物生长。     

微生物法测定鸡枞菌中叶酸含量不确定度评估

为保证测量结果的准确性,对商品试剂盒微生物法测定鸡枞菌中叶酸含量不确定度进行分析。依据CNASCL01-G003-2019要求,并按照JJF 1059.1-2012和GB/Z 22553-2010对实验结果有影响的各个分量进行评估,即对样品测定重复性、样品称量、样品检测过程三个方面引入的不确定度进行分析,并确定了各不确定度分量,得出扩展不确定度。各分量不确定度从大到小分别为样品测定重复性0.0272、移液枪自身容差0.0226、标准品纯度0.002887、温度变化0.0006、容量瓶定容0.0006、样品称量0.00001633;相对合成标准不确定度为0.0356,扩展不确定度为7.7857,测量结果为(109.35±7.7857)μg/100 g。影响微生物法测定鸡枞菌中叶酸含量的最主要不确定度分量为样品测定重复性、移液枪自身容差、标准品纯度引入的不确定度。     

NUSAP: a method to evaluate the quality of assumptions in quantitative microbial risk assessment

The Numeral Unit Spread Assessment Pedigree (NUSAP) system was implemented to evaluate assumptions in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for Salmonella spp. in minced pork meat. This QMRA model allows the testing of mitigation strategies for the reduction of human salmonellosis and aims to serve as a basis for science‐based policy making. The NUSAP method was used to assess the subjective component of assumptions in the QMRA model by a set of four pedigree criteria: ‘the influence of situational limitations’, ‘plausibility’, ‘choice space’ and ‘the agreement among peers’. After identifying 13 key assumptions relevant for the QMRA model, a workshop was organized to assess the importance of these assumptions on the output of the QMRA. The quality of the assumptions was visualized using diagnostic and kite diagrams. The diagnostic diagram pinpointed assumptions with a high degree of subjectivity and a high ‘expected influence on the model results’ score. Examples of those assumptions that should be dealt with care are the assumptions regarding the concentration of Salmonella on the pig carcass at the beginning of the slaughter process and the assumptions related to the Salmonella prevalence in the slaughter process. The kite diagrams allowed a clear overview of the pedigree scores for each assumption as well as a representation of expert (dis)agreement. The evaluation of the assumptions using the NUSAP system enhanced the debate on the uncertainty and its communication in the results of a QMRA model. It highlighted the model’s strong and weak points and was helpful for redesigning critical modules. Since the evaluation of assumptions allows a more critical approach of the QMRA process, it is useful for policy makers as it aims to increase the transparency and acceptance of management decisions based on a QMRA model.