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1.
中国银保监会出台联合授信管理制度旨在抑制企业过度融资行为,提高资金使用效率。为检验该制度是否达到预期效果,采用2014—2018年沪深A股上市公司样本,运用非平衡面板数据回归实证考察联合授信机制对企业非效率投资的影响,发现联合授信对企业的非效率投资(包含投资不足和投资过度)呈现显著抑制效应,其中联合授信对投资过度的抑制效应最大。进一步研究发现,相较于国有、大规模、低负债、高盈利等异质属性的企业,联合授信对非国有、小规模、高负债、低盈利等属性企业的非效率投资(尤其是投资过度)抑制效应更为显著。  相似文献   
2.
近年来,“三农”问题受到极大关注。为了应对外部资源、环境、科学技术等多重压力对农业升级与发展的影响,政府出台了诸多政策支持农业企业的技术研发与创新。本文从政府干预视角分析政府补助和税费返还两种形式的政府创新支持政策对农业企业研发投入的影响,重点分析机构投资者与大股东参与公司内部治理以及社会审计事务机构参与公司外部治理这两者所发挥的不同监督作用。研究发现:第一,不同形式的政府创新支持(政府补助和税费返还)对农业企业研发投入的影响并不一致。政府补助产生替代效应,税费返还则产生互补效应。第二,持股监督(机构投资者和大股东的持股比例上升)能增强政府补助对农业企业研发投入的替代效应,也能增强税费返还对农业企业研发投入的互补效应。第三,审计监督(社会审计事务机构的审计意见)会减弱政府补助支持对农业企业研发投入的替代效应,也会减弱税费返还对农业企业研发投入的互补效应。本文的研究发现为政府制定适宜的创新支持政策,以及合理发挥持股监督与审计监督的内外部治理作用,提供一定的决策依据和理论支持。  相似文献   
3.
在供给侧改革背景下,科技保险肩负着为科技创新保驾护航的历史使命。然而,科技保险试点10年来,依然面临需求低迷与供给不足并存的发展困境。其主要根源在于:严重的信息不对称造成市场失灵、“跛行”的财政支持政策不能形成有效激励以及不成熟的行业环境制约。要想走出这一困境,仅仅从需求方着力是远远不够的。科技保险的正外部性和科技保险市场高度的信息不对称,决定了必须从财政支持、产品创新、机制创新、中介培育及信息服务等方面进行供给侧改革。为此,提出应当构建供需并重的差异化财政支持机制、加大与需求侧相匹配的科技保险产品供给、创新科技保险契约模式及运行机制、搭建科技保险中介服务和信息支持平台等建议。  相似文献   
4.
This paper critiques the emergence of Dangote Cement as the dominant player in cement manufacturing in Nigeria. It argues that the changed economic environment General Obasanjo met when he became president of Nigeria for a second time in 1999 made it difficult for him to continue the nationalisation policies and the expansion of government involvement in several spheres of economic activity that he helped to promote in the 1970s. The realisation that this strategy, which created numerous crony capitalists, was unsustainable resulted in Obasanjo allying with Dangote and promulgating the Backward Integration Programme (BIP) for the local cement industry. This made it possible for Dangote to risk aggressive investment in the capital-intensive cement production business. This strategy achieved public good by rapidly making Nigeria, an oil rent- and import-dependent economy with enormous limestone reserves, self-sufficient in cement production.  相似文献   
5.
人才作为关键性的创新要素,在京津冀三地间实现符合区域功能和产业分工的均衡布局,是实现全方位合作的重要引导因素。面对三地人才布局不均、流向不平衡、跨区域创新合作不足等现实挑战,京津冀人才一体化的核心内涵是要建立统一的话语体系夯实认知基础、跨区域连贯的发展平台提供协作载体、共同的合作目标寻求发展动力、开放平衡的治理机制增强外部保障。为此,需要开展知识交流工程、加速产业与园区共建、增设人才引进和合作研发项目等,加快实现区域人才一体化。  相似文献   
6.
The prevailing transitions literature suggests that dynamic firms in postsocialist economies are the result of macroinstitutional reforms leading to the making of markets. This article builds on work in comparative political economy and economic sociology to show that the degree of competitive behaviour of postsocialist firms is determined not by the existence of general market institutions alone but by the kinds of organisational allies firms possess and the kinds of markets they compete in. Using firm survey data across 28 postsocialist economies, the article examines the determinants of competitive restructuring by firms, including product innovation, standards upgrade, financial transparency, and investments in research and development. The article confirms insights from comparative political economy which suggest that dynamic enterprise sectors emerge when governance is effective. However, at the firm level, the article finds that transnational ties and supportive policy environments are most significant in the making of dynamic postsocialist enterprises. The article also highlights important regional variation in firm behaviour and discusses the relationship between institutional frameworks, organisational embeddedness, and firm restructuring in postsocialist economies.  相似文献   
7.
We model market integration in the Middle East and Africa by analyzing price dispersion and testing the law of one price (LOP) on highly-comparable actual local retail prices of 135 goods and services across 23 countries in the region over the period of 1990–2016. Second-generation panel estimators are applied to four price benchmarks: Regional average, South Africa, China, and US prices. Cross-regional price dispersion diminishes considerably over time up to 2008, particularly for non-tradeables around China price. The test of LOP indicates the percentage of convergent prices is highest in China price benchmark, followed by US, South Africa, and regional average benchmarks. Direct estimation of the convergence speed confirms this order. Overall, the results show evidence of increasing market integration in Middle East and Africa but it appears to be driven by global forces and, especially, the rise of China as a new economic power. The results show that some emerging market economies, such as China, can step up and promote integration while traditional economic powerhouses, such as the USA and UK, disengage from international economic relations.  相似文献   
8.
制度创新对于推动技术创新具有重要意义。基于产业政策分析理论与方法,将政策流变理论与ROCCIPI模型应用于3D打印专利技术产业化问题研究,提出3D打印产业技术创新与制度创新协同驱动机制构架。研究发现, 3D打印产业的科技政策具有由柔性到刚性的流变趋势,揭示了产业化制度性因素由实然向应然发展的内在规律。应用ROCCIPI模型从7个维度提出3D打印产业发展的制度性要素驱动对策,为3D打印产业发展明确了指向。  相似文献   
9.
It is found that the intra-regional trade share or functional integration plays an important role in the institutionalization of regional integration not only in the European Union (EU) but also in Northeast Asia. The crisis factor, which is measured by the regional economic growth rates, is empirically significant in Northeast Asia but not in the EU. This situation confirms the crisis model for Northeast Asia that emphasizes the stimulating role of crisis for the institutionalization of regional integration. However, the political leadership factor is not empirically significant in Northeast Asia and in the EU, and this finding does not support the political leadership model that emphasizes the facilitating role of political leadership for the institutionalization of regional integration.  相似文献   
10.
Cycle time forecasting (CTF) is one of the most crucial issues for production planning to keep high delivery reliability in semiconductor wafer fabrication systems (SWFS). This paper proposes a novel data-intensive cycle time (CT) prediction system with parallel computing to rapidly forecast the CT of wafer lots with large datasets. First, a density peak based radial basis function network (DP-RBFN) is designed to forecast the CT with the diverse and agglomerative CT data. Second, the network learning method based on a clustering technique is proposed to determine the density peak. Third, a parallel computing approach for network training is proposed in order to speed up the training process with large scaled CT data. Finally, an experiment with respect to SWFS is presented, which demonstrates that the proposed CTF system can not only speed up the training process of the model but also outperform the radial basis function network, the back-propagation-network and multivariate regression methodology based CTF methods in terms of the mean absolute deviation and standard deviation.  相似文献   
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