毛竹水溶性多糖提取工艺的优化及结构表征

采用响应面法优化毛竹水溶性多糖的提取工艺,分析其成分,并进行结构表征。研究结果表明,优化的毛竹多糖(BSP)提取条件为:料液比1∶27(g/mL)、提取温度78 ℃、提取时间4 h,该条件下BSP提取率为(5.18±0.07)%,提取物中多糖含量为(72.14±0.02)%,糖醛酸含量为(9.76±0.03)%;BSP具有酸性多糖典型的官能团特征吸收峰,其单糖组成及摩尔比为n_甘露糖∶n_葡萄糖∶n_阿拉伯糖∶n_木糖∶n_鼠李糖∶n_半乳糖=62.52∶23.05∶10.35∶2.78∶0.79∶0.51;BSP由两个主峰组成,相对分子质量分别为91.11、4.55 kDa。BSP是一种混合酸性多糖。     

Converging scientific fields and new technological paradigms as main drivers of the division of scientific labour in drug discovery process: the effects on strategic management of the R&D corporate change

The thesis of this study is that the convergence of genetics, genomics and proteomics spurs new technological paradigms in medicine, which are generating a R&D corporate change: division of scientific labour of the drug discovery process by strategic alliances among firms in order to reinforce the integrative capabilities in different biomedical research fields and collective and cumulative learning between in-house R&D and external sources of innovation. This study shows, by key a case study of pharmaceutical companies, as scientific and technological paradigms in medicine are main drivers of industrial and R&D corporate change to enhance and accelerate the discovery process of ground-breaking drugs for more and more personalised healthcare.     

Real-world utilization of molecular diagnostic testing and matched drug therapies in the treatment of metastatic cancers

Aims: To assess the frequency of biopsies and molecular diagnostic testing (human DNA/RNA analysis), anti-cancer drug use (genomically-matched targeted therapy [GMTT], unmatched targeted therapy [UTT], endocrine therapy [ET], and chemotherapy [CT]), and medical service costs among adults with metastatic cancer.

Methods: Adults diagnosed with metastatic breast, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), colorectal, head and neck, ovarian, and uterine cancer (2010Q1–2015Q1) were identified in the OptumHealth Care Solutions claims database and followed from first metastatic diagnosis for ≥1 month and until the end of data availability. Utilization was assessed for each cancer cohort (all and patients aged ≥65 years); per-patient-per-month (PPPM) medical service costs were assessed for all patients. Testing frequency estimates were applied to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data to estimate the number of untested patients (2010–2014).

Results: Patients with metastatic cancer (n?=?8,193; breast [n?=?3,414], NSCLC [n?=?2,231], colorectal [n?=?1,611], head and neck [n?=?511], ovarian [n?=?275], and uterine [n?=?151]) were 63 years old (mean), with 11.1–22.2 months of observation. Biopsy and molecular diagnostic testing frequencies ranged from 7% (uterine) to 73% (ovarian), and from 34% (head and neck) to 52% (breast), respectively. Few were treated with GMTT (breast, 11%; NSCLC, 9%; colorectal, 6%). Treatment with UTT ranged from 0.7% (uterine) to 21% (colorectal). Biopsy, diagnostic testing, and anti-cancer drug therapy were less frequent for those ≥65 years. Medical service costs (PPPM, mean) ranged from $6,618 (head and neck) to $9,940 (ovarian). The estimated number of untested new patients with metastatic cancer was 636,369 (all) and 341,397 (≥65).

Limitations: In addition to the limitations of claims analyses, diagnostic testing frequency may be under-estimated if patients underwent testing prior to study inclusion.

Conclusions: The low frequency of molecular diagnostic testing suggests there are opportunities to better inform management of patients with advanced cancer, particularly decisions to treat with GMTT.     

超高分子量聚乙烯的应用及改性研究进展

介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)的性能和用途,综述了提高UHMWPE加工性能和物理性能的物理改性、化学改性、聚合物填充改性以及自增强改性方法的研究进展,指出了其今后的发展方向.     

AFLP技术及其在植物学应用中的研究进展

AFLP(扩增片段长度多态性)是一种基于PCR的高分辨DNA指纹分析方法,是一种新的DNA分子标记技术.与其它标记技术相比,它具有相对便宜、简便、快速、可靠的优点.本文阐述了AFLP的原理、技术关键,及其AFLP目前在植物学方面的研究进展.     

沸石分子筛降低卷烟烟气中亚硝胺的研究进展

沸石分子筛因其高比表面积和独特的吸附-催化性能在烟草行业受到越来越多烟草工作者的重视,综述了近年来国内外在使用沸石分子筛作为吸附剂和催化剂降低卷烟烟气中亚硝胺有害成分的进展,并展望了新功能材料在消除卷烟中亚硝胺的发展方向.     

晶化时间对CoAPO-11分子筛合成过程中转晶的影响

本文研究了晶化时间对低钴含量(x=0.1)的CoAPO-11分子筛合成过程中转晶现象的影响,并采用XRD、SEM对产物进行表征。结果表明,200℃下晶化48 h,可获得纯相CoAPO-11;当晶化时间超过48 h时,产物便开始向[Co-Al-P-O]-GIS型分子筛转化;晶化延长至72 h时,产物已全部转化为[Co-Al-P-O]-GIS型分子筛,该转化过程不可逆。从分子筛骨架结构单元出发,阐述了转晶现象的内在影响因素。     

浅析新型分子筛材料的性能及检验方法—4A分子筛的标准化

4A分子筛作为一种新型材料,具有很好的吸附、分离、分散等性能,广泛应用于化工、涂料、日化、汽车及现代医学等领域。由于涉及领域较多,新修订的HG／T2524—2010《4A分子筛》标准在使用过程中可能会遇到一些问题。本文对该标准进行了解读与介绍,包括主要技术性能和检验方法,可以帮助各领域标准应用者正确运用标准,以达到预期目的。     

状态方程计算高分子共混物的比体积

基于一个简单的非均核链流体分子热力学模型,采用不同形式的微扰项,可构筑不同形式的高分子共混物系统的状态方程。方程已被应用于关联聚苯乙烯/聚2,6-二甲基苯醚(PS/PPO)、聚苯乙烯/聚乙烯甲醚(PS/PVME)、聚苯乙烯/聚丁二烯(PS/PBD)、聚醚砜/聚氧乙烯(PESP/PEO)等高分子共混物的比体积。结果显示,用一个与温度无关的二元相互作用可调参数可满意关联所选体系的比体积,并可预测所选体系的比体积。     

UHMWPE对UHMWPE/UHMWPP共混冻胶纤维性能的影响

研究了超高分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）对超高分子质量聚丙烯（UHMWPP）／UHMWPE共混冻胶纤维结晶性能、热学性能、形态结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着UHMWPE含量的增加，共混纤维结构具有更好的连贯性，并显示出较好的热学性能；当UHMWPE含量超过一定比例时，虽然共混纤维的热学性能下降，但在共混纤维中呈现出明显的类似“钢筋混凝土”结构，从而大大地提高了共混纤维的力学性能。