中国花生面临的绿色贸易壁垒及对策研究

文章从中国花生出口面临的绿色贸易壁垒出发,综述了中国及世界主要进口市场对花生的食品卫生安全要求,构建了绿色贸易壁垒影响中国花生出口的模型,最后提出了加强跟踪国际标准、建立GAP和CMP等对策措施。     

花生红衣原花青素纯化工艺研究

为探究花生红衣中原花青素的纯化条件,本研究通过静态吸附和解吸试验对8种型号大孔树脂进行选择,再经动态吸附和解吸试验得出最优纯化条件。结果表明,大孔树脂最佳型号为D4020,得出最佳纯化条件为:上样流速1 mL·min^-1,上样浓度1.5 mg·mL^-1,洗脱液为40%乙醇,洗脱流速1 mL·min^-1,最终所得纯化物纯度达97.35%±1.58%。     

Peanut exposure during pregnancy,breastfeeding and complementary feeding: perceptions of practices in four countries

Food allergy is an increasing problem worldwide. Allergy to peanuts is a particular concern, given that this is rarely outgrown and may be associated with life‐threatening anaphylaxis. However, it is unclear what factors are responsible for a perceived increase in prevalence rates. One matter on which scientists agree, however, is that exposure to peanuts early in life is significant – although whether early exposure protects or sensitizes to allergy is unclear. There is no significant research that currently records differences in early life exposure either within or between populations. This exploratory study makes a first step in this direction using focus groups conducted in four countries with disparate ‘peanut experiences’ to characterize early exposure in these. The ultimate aim is to help in the development of a survey instrument to attain nationally representative samples of consumers and hence to use the results from this to compare with allergy prevalence data collected in other parts of the European Union‐funded ‘EuroPrevall’ project. The results in this study not only reveal considerable similarities across countries (e.g. in terms of lack of knowledge of guidelines; lack of changes in feeding behaviour during/after pregnancy, feelings that diet variety in children is important) but also one or two interesting and potentially important differences, such as increased consumption in Bulgarian (and some Spanish) breastfeeding mothers because of the ability of peanuts to facilitate lactation. Study limitations and future study intentions are also discussed.     

历史上中国花生种植的区域特点与商业流通

花生是我国的传统经济作物,在我国有着悠久的种植和应用史,但对其在历史上的重要作用却没有论著予以论述。本文从历史地理角度对我国花生在历史上的传播与分布,中国自然环境与花生品种、种植技术的关系,花生在中国的用途与商业流通等方面来进行探讨,希望有助于学界对花生在中国种植历史的深入研究。     

Consumers Acceptance of Peanut Butter and Products Containing Peanut Butter in Two Southeastern States in the U.S.

Abstract

A sample of 606 students, staff and faculty from Auburn and North Carolina A&T State universities were self-administered a questionnaire to evaluate their weekly consumption of peanut butter and products containing peanut butter. The age group ranged from 16 to 78 years, with the majority coming from households of less than four individuals. Their incomes were fairly evenly distributed, with 38 percent earning above $40,000, 31 percent with $10,000 to $40,000, and 31 percent earning less than $10,000. Age, ethnicity, convenience, whether the product was served as a side dish, peanut flavor, and knowledge of fat content significantly influenced peanut butter consumption; whereas age, ethnicity, income, crunchiness, nutrition, convenience, and consumer's perception of fat level in the product affected the consumption of products containing peanut butter.     

Price Risk Management for Peanut Meal

Abstract

Peanut meal is cross-hedged with soybean meal using peanut meal cash prices and soybean meal futures prices. Hedge ratios are obtained for a 3-year and a 6-year period model. The data is from 1993 to 2000, with the 2000 data used for evaluation. All hedge ratios are significant and the 3-year period model's results suggest that long term data sets have less explanatory power than short-term hedge ratios. Evaluation results indicate positive gains for cross-hedged poultry producers and/or peanut producers. The empirical analyses suggest that soybean meal futures can be used as a potential cross-hedging vehicle for peanut meal.     

The Butter and Margarine Debate from the Consumers' Perspective

This empirical study examines consumers' perceptions of butter and margarine. The study shows that consumers are not well informed about the differences between the products. Some differences between male and female respondents concerning butter and margarine were also discovered. Butter and margarine producers both have work to do in better educating the consumer about their products.     

Groundnut consumption frequency in Ghana

Groundnut (peanut) is an important food and oil crop in Ghana, but little is known about the factors influencing consumption. The study surveyed market participants; investigated the frequency and forms of groundnut consumed; and evaluated the factors influencing consumers’ decisions to eat groundnuts in Ghana. About 80% of respondents consume groundnut and/or its products at least once a week and 32.0% consume it three times a week. Logistic models showed that age, education and the form in which groundnuts are consumed influence the frequency of groundnut consumption. Total revenue and the form in which groundnut is eaten influence farmers consumption decision whereas groundnut consumption by poultry farmers is influenced by knowledge of the health effects of groundnuts on birds and the form in which groundnut is eaten by the poultry producers. Processors’ frequency of consumption is influenced by the form in which groundnut is consumed and their knowledge of reasons for sorting. The results are important for market segmentation for demand projection along the marketing chain.     

花生风味兔肉脯配方的研究

花生粉富含蛋白质且在烘烤后具有浓郁的香气,将其作为主要配料添加到兔肉糜中,制备花生风味兔肉脯.通过单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评分?质构特性及色差为考察指标,研究糖盐比?花生粉和大豆分离蛋白添加量对兔肉脯品质的影响,优化兔肉脯配方.结果表明,最佳配方为糖盐比8.5:1.5?花生粉添加量15％?大豆分离蛋白添加量4％.此条件下制作的兔肉脯片形规则完整,呈肉脯特有的红棕色,烘烤后不易出现焦片?生片;滋味咸甜适宜,硬度和咀嚼性良好,烤肉与坚果香味协调.