二噁英的理化性质及在乳及乳制品中污染的研究进展

本文主要分析了二噁英的理化性质,重点介绍了乳及乳制品中二噁英的污染情况,并提出有效措施给予预防和解决,以有效降低二噁英在乳及乳制品中的危害性,确保乳及乳制品行业的健康发展。通过对二噁英的理化性质进行研究,为乳及乳制品的安全生产提供可靠保障,以实现经济与社会效益的最大化。     

The effect of consumer food creation on the food consumption experience

Two experiments show that the role the consumer plays in the creation of their food can affect the consumption experience. When guilt is present in the consumption of the food item, namely an unhealthy food item, having someone else create the food item increases taste evaluations, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. However, when guilt is not present, as in the case for healthy foods, there is no difference in food evaluations when the end consumer or another creates the food. These results have important implications for food retailers, food service establishment, and food delivery companies.     

稻鳅共生种养模式试验研究

[目的]稻鳅共生是典型的稻田综合利用模式,符合生态农业发展方向。通过对稻鳅共生生态系统的生理生态学机制开展试验研究,为进一步推广稻鳅共生种养模式提供科学依据。[方法]采用田间试验方法,以水稻单作为对照,研究了不同泥鳅养殖密度下的稻鳅共生对水稻农艺性状、土壤理化性质、水稻产量构成的影响,并对稻鳅共生种养模式进行了经济效益分析。[结果]与对照处理相比,水稻长势在株高、有效分蘖率、根长等方面有一定提高。养殖田水稻株高增高了3%,有效分蘖率提高了8%~11%,根长提高了8.8%~31.3%。在土壤理化性质方面,与对照相比,土壤容重降低了7.1%~21.2%,孔隙度增加了4.1%~14.7%。实验前后养殖田内土壤有机质增加了3.5%~26.5%,对照田降低了2.5%~5.8%。土壤肥力(氮、磷、钾)减少,但减少幅度小于对照处理。稻鳅共生种养模式下水稻产量提高了5%~25%,同时稻田增收泥鳅1 725~3 375kg/hm2,净收入为1.836 0万~2.307 0万元/hm2,经济效益提高了3.65~4.84倍。稻鳅共生种养模式中泥鳅的养殖密度为30万尾/hm2时稻田的生态效益和经济效益最佳。[结论]稻鳅共生有效改善了土壤理化性质,促进了水稻的生长,提高了稻田产量和产值。     

An evaluation framework for developing green infrastructure by using a new hybrid multiple attribute decision-making model for promoting environmental sustainability

With the expansion of urbanization caused by the growth of population and industrial activities, the urban/city and suburban areas are facing a variety of environmental threats. Although more research and urban policy has advocated and practiced the development of green infrastructure (GI) to support urban sustainable environment, the evaluation framework for the development of GI for promoting environmental sustainability is still insufficient. Moreover, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) commonly applied in published literature, makes an unrealistic assumption of independent relationships among dimensions/criteria in decision making for satisfying the real-world problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct the evaluation framework, including four dimensions and related ten criteria, using a new hybrid-modified multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) model for developing and improving the GI for promoting environmental sustainability. This MADM model is combined with three different methodologies of MADM, including the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) for constructing the influential network relation map (INRM) to explore the complex influential inter-relationships and DEMATEL based on Analytic Network Process (DANP) for determining the influential weights with the VIse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) for evaluating and presenting improvement strategies for six different GIs. The empirical study indicates that DEMATEL and DANP Results suggest that decision-makers should pay more attention to the improvement of Design (D₄) and Materials (D₂) in terms of dimensions when utilizing the GI to promote environmental sustainability. Because these dimensions are enhanced, Species (D₁) and Energy (D₃) will be improved in synchronization. From the perspective of criteria, five are key core criteria and need to be focused on first: increasing the green coverage rate (B₉), utilizing sustainable materials (B₄), using ecological engineering (B₈), shaping species biodiversity (B₁), and reducing energy consumption (B₅). Modified VIKOR reveals that “grass swales” are a comparatively better choice among six GIs for promoting environmental sustainability toward achieving the aspiration level. Therefore, this MADM model is beneficial to provide a more convincing assessment framework and improvement strategies for the development of GI for promoting environmental sustainability. As a result, these modified MADM models can be shown more conveniently and reasonably than traditional methods such as traditional AHP or ANP method.     

Don't call us,we'll call you: Considering cognitive and physical effort in designing effective response systems to manage extended in-process wait

People must often wait for days or weeks to receive test results, price quotes, products, etc. Service providers may manage user experience during such in-process waits using notification systems that inform users when a response is available or inquiry systems that require users to inquire about response availability, thereby imposing prospective memory requirements on users. Based on the prospective memory and wait time literature, we make predictions regarding how response system (notification vs. inquiry) moderates the effects of waits that are shorter or longer than the provider promised on user evaluation of the wait. We find that users of a notification system evaluate a wait more positively and are less sensitive to deviations of actual from promised wait time than are users of an inquiry system. This advantage was more pronounced for a wait that was longer (vs. shorter) than promised. These effects of system and expectation on evaluation were fully mediated by their impact on the cognitive and physical effort of navigating the system. Finally, a week after having experienced a wait, users of an inquiry system who had waited longer (vs. shorter) than promised cooperated less on a follow-up task, highlighting another downside of using an inquiry system.     

松嫩平原自然宜垦性及耕地后备资源开发潜力

［目的］为保障我国粮食安全，为耕地后备资源的合理开发利用提供科学依据，同时完善中国区域耕地后备资源自然开发潜力方面的研究。［方法］文章从自然适宜性的角度出发，选取了地形、气候、土地类型和土壤4个方面15个评价因子，采用层次分析、专家打分等方法确定评价因子权重，构建松嫩平原宜垦性评价指标体系。［结果］（1）1980—2015年松嫩平原自然宜垦性整体较好，最适宜垦区与较适宜垦区占松嫩平原面积的5068%，分布在松嫩平原腹地大部地区，中部、中北部、中南部等地；(2)松嫩平原已开垦耕地资源中，持续利用耕地占松嫩平原面积的4814%，空间上与宜垦程度高值区高度吻合；(3)新增耕地占区域面积的126%，以中度适宜垦区和较适宜垦区为主；(4)松嫩平原耕地后备资源占松嫩平原土地面积的1556%，在松嫩平原西部地区、中部和东北部地区均有分布，耕地后备资源中度及以上宜垦区占后备资源总量的7465%。［结论］目前大庆市和白城市可开发耕地后备资源最为丰富，但其中轻度及不适宜开垦区所占比例大，开发难度较大； 松原市可开发资源相对丰富且开垦难度小。     

建成环境如何影响老年人绿地使用频率 ——基于可达性和吸引力双重视角

老年人绿地使用频率与其体力活动水平和健康生活质量密切相关，且严重依赖绿地自身及周边建成环境。针对既有研究多集中于可达性分析的局限性，从可达性和吸引力双重视角出发，结合大连市老年人绿地活动调查数据，深入探究建成环境与老年人绿地使用频率的统计学关联性。研究发现：与空间临近性相比，绿地实际可达性对老年人活动的影响更为显著；不同绿地类型影响老年人的使用频率，社区公园和游园是高频体力活动的重要场所；此外，高品质的绿地环境、与居住用地相混合、临近生活性街道，以及周边多样化网点布局，均可正向调节老年人绿地使用频率。为营造老年友好型绿地，从空间配置、场所塑造、路径可达和功能诱发4个方面，提出结构化的建成环境优化策略。     

一种利用机器学习优化MIMO窃听信道天线选择的方法

为保障多输入多输出窃听信道系统中信息传输的保密性，提出了一种基于机器学习的天线选择方案。首先利用机器学习解决分类问题准确率高、处理大数据高效这一优势，设计了基于奇异值分解的特征值提取、基于信干噪比的标签赋值方案，建立了k最近邻分类器和逻辑回归分类器选择最优天线最大化保密性能（可达保密速率和保密中断概率）。与传统天线选择方案相比，所提方案获得了几乎一致的保密性能，并且大幅降低了系统的选择复杂度和误比特率。     

校企合作模式对学生体质健康影响的动态分析

以福建卫生职业技术学院2011级与2012级学生为研究对象,运用文献资料法、测试法、实验法和数理统计法等,对校企合作模式下体育课程改革前后学生体质健康数据进行对比分析,结果显示：说明体育课程设置与大学生体质健康密切相关,特别在耐力素质、腹肌耐力、上肢力量影响很大,呈显著差异.对此提出加强对学生体育课学习需求的调查、加快体育教学改革中体育课教学内容和课程体系的改革、改善体育教学条件、完善“课内外一体化”模式,希望在校企合作改革的大背景下,能为顺应高职高专人才培养模式制定科学、合理的体育课程改革提供有力的依据.     

Research note sport tourism versus event tourism: Considerations on a necessary distinction and integration

Abstract

Interest in sport-related tourism increased perceptibly around the millennium, however, a comprehensive conceptual framework for a classification of sport (event) tourism is still missing. The predominant focus of sport tourism encompasses event-related touristic endeavors, such as mega sport events; however, an holistic approach to sport tourism suggests the need for further integration of other sub-areas such as nonevent-related components. This research note, therefore, provides a sport tourism perspective and a methodological approach to establishing the sport tourism cube as a necessary tool for the further distinction and integration of sport and event tourism. The research aim is, therefore, to build a foundation for further scientific research in sport tourism.