Positioning strategies and congruence in the positioning of high‐end indigenous and foreign retailers in sub‐Saharan Africa: An illustration from Ghana

This article examines the employment of positioning strategies through the lens of international retailing for assessing congruence in the positioning of both indigenous and foreign retailers in Ghana. Six retailers—three indigenous and three foreign—are examined in a triangulated method, each through an in‐depth case study. The results show that the dominant positioning strategies consistently pursued by both indigenous and foreign retailers in Ghana are “service,” “reliability,” and “attractiveness.” Although indigenous retailers (relative to their foreign counterparts) employ more strategies, the majority of foreign retailers exhibit close‐to‐ideal congruence among managers' intentions, actual practice, and customers' perceptions. The findings show that foreign and indigenous retailers pursue varying positioning strategies in the marketplace, further complementing the utility of Western‐developed typologies of positioning strategies in a sub‐Saharan African marketplace. Moreover, the results reveal how indigenous retailers have embraced branding, further attesting to the changing and competitive nature of the Ghanaian marketplace.     

利用信道状态信息的室内定位技术

多径效应导致基于信号接收强度（RSSI）的室内定位方法精度不高，采用更细粒度的物理层信道状态信息（CSI）可以区分不同路径，提高定位精度。在已有基于CSI室内定位方法的基础上，通过改进对数距离路径损耗模型，得到CSI与传输距离的关系，并结合目标位置所测得的CSI值回归出目标与发射端的距离，最后通过三边定位法预测出目标的位置坐标。实验表明，相比基于RSSI的定位方法以及已有的基于CSI的定位方法，所提方法2 m以内的误差概率提高了将近40%和20%，有效提高了定位精度。     

Corporates' strategic responses to economic policy uncertainty in China

Using a novel news‐based index of economic policy uncertainty, this paper studies the impact of economic policy uncertainty on corporate strategic positioning and corporate risk in China from 2009 to 2015. The study also investigates the impact of corporate strategic positioning on corporate risk. The results show that corporate strategic positioning and economic policy uncertainty have a significant positive impact on corporate risk. The results also explain that economic policy uncertainty increases the market risk of the firms irrespective of their corporate strategy. However, it increases the business risk of prospector firms and decreases the business risk of defensive firms. The study may help the firms to formulate and improve their strategic positioning while considering economic policy uncertainty. Our results are robust to alternate proxies of economic policy uncertainty and corporate risk.     

GPT3模型计算中国大陆对流层天顶延迟精度分析

为了评估GPT3模型计算中国大陆对流层延迟改正的精度和可靠性,利用2017-2018年欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA-Interim大气廓线资料和中国地震局提供的陆态网对对流层延迟产品进行了对比验证分析。结果表明,在中国大陆,GPT3-ZTD模型值的年均偏差(Bias)小于0.6 cm,均方根误差(RMSE)优于3.53 cm。ZTD模型值的精度总体呈现出从中国西北(RMSE3 cm)到东南地区(RMSE5 cm)逐渐降低的趋势;在中国东南地区,GPT3模型低估了对流层天顶延迟,其量级处于-2.0～0.5 cm。ZTD模型值的精度与测站高程呈非线性相关,随着高程增加而精度不断提升。此外,GPT3-ZTD的精度具有明显季节性变化,RMSE基本维持在1～6 cm,ZTD模型值精度的季节性变化与大气中水气含量和变化剧烈程度相关。GPT3模型对中国大陆的对流层天顶延迟计算有较好的精度和可靠性,可为中国大陆对流层延迟改正建模提供一定参考。     

Bridge,Focus, Attack,or Stimulate: Retail Category Management Strategies with a Store Brand

We investigate a monopolist retailer's category management strategy where the main strategic decisions are how to horizontally position a store brand relative to the incumbent national brands and how to price the store and national brands for retail category profit maximization. We analyze a market composed of two consumer segments with differing tastes and heterogeneity with respect to willingness to pay and a product category consisting of two competing national brands and one store brand. We find that contrary to the existing literature, it is not always optimal for a retailer to position its store brand against the leading national brand; instead there are many situations where it is best to position the store brand close to the weaker national brand or to position it in the “middle” so it appeals to both national brands' target segments. In the process we identify four distinct category management strategies that a retailer can use with a store brand. In three of these the optimal store brand price is the brand's monopoly price, while in the remaining one strategy the price is lower. We also suggest an easy to implement means for a retailer to determine which strategy is best to use, depending on the particular competitive environment present before the introduction of the store brand and the relative quality of the store brand. We find that the store brand entry is most beneficial to the retailer when the national brands are moderately differentiated. Finally we show that introducing a store brand not only allows the retailer to garner a higher share of the channel profits through higher retail margins, but also often provides the retailer the benefit of increases in national brand unit sales as well as incremental sales from the store brand. JEL Classification: M310     

小康社会餐饮市场应用型人才培养模式探讨

本文在对小康社会餐饮市场的人才需求和市场定位进行具体分析的基础上 ,提出了小康社会应用型人才培养模式”及其四大支撑体系 ,提出了四个方面的对策建议     

我国畜产品产销现状与发展对策分析

本文认为,加入WTO以后,国际市场价格开始对我国畜产品市场发生作用,我国畜牧企业经营规模小、经营效率低等具体问题开始显现;面对我国畜产品消费需求的快速增长,要加快科技进步,发展畜产品加工,做大产业经营规模,构建现代化畜产品市场产销体系,提高畜产品产销效率,增强畜产品市场竞争能力;要推行市场禁入和准入制度,组建畜产品产销行业协会,加强畜产品市场定位和产销研究,积极推动我国畜产品出口,促进我国畜产品产销持续健康发展。     

基于TLS的主动全向声呐浮标目标定位与跟踪

采用最小二乘(LS)拟和法进行主动全向浮标目标定位时容易受测量误差的影响,为此提出一种基于总体最小二乘法(TLS)的定位算法,首先对主动全向浮标的定位方程和测速方程进行变换形成线性的量测方程,然后利用潜艇测距误差和浮标定位误差的随机性,基于总体最小二乘法对量测方程进行递归解算,解算过程根据潜艇运动的物理限制,取运动模型的状态预测值作为递归过程的初值,最终实现了测量误差平滑化和航迹的整体优化。仿真结果显示算法较之最小二乘法具有更好的抑制噪声能力和机动目标跟踪能力。     

邮储银行发展面临的问题及对策

邮储银行的挂牌、运作近来已成为人们关注的焦点，本文从它所面临的定位、监管、经营风险等问题出发，提出有助于邮储银行发展的相关对策。