社会保障核心价值理念再思考——基于社会学视角的社会公平理论分析

作为人类社会久远的福利制度安排,社会保障发展到现代,已经越来越鲜明地体现出对公平、正义、共享等价值理念的追求和实践.对社会问题和社会公正的研究,是社会学的重要范畴,也是众多社会学家关注的焦点.因此,从社会学视角来分析社会公平问题,能够更深入地认识和思考社会保障的核心价值理念,更好地把握其意义以及如何实践.     

Small Business and Empirical Perspectives in Business Ethics: Editorial

In this editorial to a collection of papers on ethics in small firms, the case is made for greater use of high quality empirical research on business ethics. Sociological perspectives have much to offer to the field of business ethics that continues to be dominated by normative, moral philosophy. The second contribution of the paper is to argue for a re-orientation away from the large multi-national firm as a benchmark subject of business ethics research. One important point of view to be included is that of the small firm, which remains the dominant organisational form throughout all the OECD countries.     

社会学课程教学中的综合性教学模式探析

社会学是一门非常讲究实证的学科,理论与田野体验联系非常紧密.实行综合性教学模式,有利于改变社会学学科教学中的条块分割现状,提高课程的教学效果.这种综合性的教学模式包括教学理念的总体性、教学内容的广延性、教学方式的多样性、教学时空的跨越性和教学效果评价的灵活性.     

Aquatic resources and recreation behavior

While substantial effort has been undertaken to understand the consequences of industrial and agricultural uses for the environment, concern has also been expressed about its other uses, including recreation. Little is known about the relationship between recreational behavior and an environmental resource base. The present paper focuses upon participation in a specific outdoor recreation activity or activity‐cluster and dominant resource base where participation occurs. Resource bases identified were river, lake, ocean, swamp/marsh, forest/mountain, range/ farm and city/town. Emphasis is placed upon aquatic environs and participation in water‐based recreation. Water activities constituted from 14–30 percent of all outdoor activities taking place at those resource bases identified. Aquatic environments provided the resource base for 38 percent of all recreation participation events, water‐ and non‐water based, occurring during one reporting period. While participation in water‐based activities requires a water resource, the array of participation patterns reported suggests that resource bases defined as recreation places provide a wide range of opportunities for non‐resource‐dependent recreation activities. One conclusion is that resource bases cannot be distinguished by the recreation activities occurring on them. Resource bases in fact facilitate a wide range of recreation activities, some holding little direct connection with the resource base, nor are the conditions of the resource sufficient to predict behavioral outcomes.     

From ‘just a swimmer’ to a ‘swimming mother’: women’s embodied experiences of recreational aquatic activity with pre-school children

Increased academic attention on the gendering of leisure pastimes in recent years has highlighted the centrality of the gendered body in influencing how leisure is accessed, experienced and transformed. To date, however, little attention has been paid to how women experience aquatic leisure activity, the second most popular form of leisure activity in the UK, and where female participation predominates. This paper presents results from research investigating the aquatic leisure experiences of 22 women, with children aged under 3, in the North-East of England. A number of key themes emerged from the data, which highlighted the centrality of the gendered, lived body as a key social construct contouring participant perceptions in the swimming pool environment. Women reflected upon their self-perceived physical deficiencies when wearing revealing swimming costumes, particularly under the critical gaze of ‘other’ bodies, whether present or imagined. The co-presence of other bodies was also central in shaping lived experiences, and the presence of ‘dependent’ children’s bodies shifted bodily intentionality away from the self towards perceived maternal responsibilities and the management of perceived risks, including ‘dirt’ and ‘germs’ and the negotiation of the tacit rules of the swimming pool. Results also suggest that the emphasis on maternal responsibility in aquatic leisure activity and timing of parent-toddler sessions could lead to reproduction of gender inequalities and the exclusion of some fathers from participation.     

Inked: historic African-American beach site as collective memory and group ‘Third Place’ sociability on Martha’s Vineyard

Using data gained from ethnographic research and interviews, this article examines ‘third place’ sociability in the social interactions of the Polar Bears of Martha’s Vineyard, a group of predominantly but not exclusively middle-aged and senior African-American men and women who swim, exercise and socialise together each morning at ‘the Inkwell’ beach. Using Georg Simmel’s concept of sociability and Ray Oldenburg’s third-place theoretical framework, this study explores the key role of the Monday communal breakfast and the function of conversation in establishing bonds between individuals. It further investigates the promotion of strong feelings of social connectedness, belonging, social support, social capital gains and community among its group members. The ongoing sociability and informal rules of the Polar Bears of Martha’s Vineyard has enabled it to become a model group demonstration of third-place community building. The importance of race, class and place is socio-historically investigated within the broader social context of the popular racialised section of the beach, ‘the Inkwell’, of African-American community life, and within the sub-community milieu of group social interaction.     

The sociologist as social architect: A new task for macro-sociology?

The theme of voluntarism and determinism is revisited, here in the context of forecasting for futurists. Although fraught with danger the use of scenarios is vital in a world of rapid change, in which people are more than ever aware of the choices open to them and the ways they are able to determine their own future. The author proposes that a merger between the approaches of the sociologist and the futurist could aid our understanding of social futures. The outcome is a ‘design sociology’ based on six key concepts.     

全球化与北京城市发展的深层转型——对2008北京奥运会的新解读

分析了奥运会对北京城市影响的历史性意义,指出奥运会这一历史性的事件促使全球化与全球城市的逻辑转变为现实的动因并深层渗透到北京的城市发展之中,之后从新城市社会学的视角出发,对这一论题从空间的生产、集体消费的场所、人文精神的发现等三个视角出发加以剖析.     

社会学视野下保险业的科学发展

保险业的各类活动是根植在大量的社会结构和社会关系之中,保险的发展是与社会各种制度变迁的交织中实现的,目前针对于商业保险的研究还局限在纯经济学、金融学的分析范式中,本文跳出既有的研究视角,把保险看作是社会的一个组成部分,运用社会学理论体系研究我国商业保险的科学发展,讨论社会制度、社会变迁、文化与意识形态等社会因素与保险发展的相互作用,剖析保险业改革发展的现实条件和路径选择,提出了嵌入于整个社会发展的保险研究的框架思考。在社会学的视野下研究商业保险,有利于提升保险理论的系统性科学性,有利于实现保险与经济社会发展的良性互动。     

大型复杂项目组织研究文献评述:社会学视角

作为一种临时性的组织,大型复杂项目组织具有典型的社会属性,这根源于工程项目的社会性特征.传统的项目管理理论需要借助交叉学科来研究这一问题,社会学理论是其中的一个重要支撑.文章从大型复杂项目组织研究的重要性出发,对该问题进行了文献分析和评述.主要从理论和方法两个方面,包括工程社会学观和哲学观、工程伦理学观以及社会网络学观等,尤其对社会学中社会网络分析(socialNetworkAnalysjs,SNA)的应用进行了详细评述.期望对大型复杂项目组织的社会学视角的研究提供研究基础和启示.