LABOUR SUPPLY ESTIMATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

Abstract. Economists devote considerable energies towards refining their econometric techniques to overcome difficulties connected with conducting empirical research. Despite advances in technique. it is not clear whether further refinement in this direction is worthwhile for policy purposes. It may be that no further amount of statistical adjustment of inadequate data will increase understanding, and that better data is simply necessary to add to our knowledge. But rarely is sufficient credit paid to new forms of data. In short, econometric technique is emphasized to the neglect of data innovation, as if new data were merely lying about waiting for an ingenious suggestion for use. This paper surveys advances of the last twenty five years in estimating labour supply for policy purposes with a view towards appreciating the relative contribution of both improvements in econometric technique as well as developments of new data.
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured.     

Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

社会养老保险新政的运行效果分析——基于沈阳市国有大型企业的调查

利用调查数据重点考察了社会养老保险新政的实际运行效果,指出了目前存在职工参保意愿不强烈、政策有效性尚不明显、对制度长期建设缺乏信心等现实问题,以期对养老保险制度的改革完善提供理论和政策依据。     

股市波动、金融政策和宏观经济关系研究——基于因子VAR模型

通过因子分析从诸宏观经济变量中提取了金融政策因子和宏观经济状态因子,建立了基于VAR的股价波动、金融政策和宏观经济三变量回归模型。研究表明：金融政策影响股价的表现,而宏观经济状态对股价、股价对金融政策和宏观经济状态的影响均不显著;基于标准差的VAR（5）模型相对于基于收益率的VAR（3）模型能更好地刻画股市波动与金融政策、宏观经济三者之间的关系。     

Changing monetary transmission mechanisms within the EU

The paper presents a comparative analysis of monetary transmission mechanisms and changes in them after the secondERM in March 1983. The empirical model investigates the determination of money, income, prices, and interest rates in Germany, Denmark, and Italy based on the cointegratedVAR model. It provides empirical results on the macroeconomic effects of joining theERM and financial deregulation.     

中国政策市的行为思考

本文回顾了中国股市十多年来的政策干预历史,并总结了其中的规律所在:1997年前,政府干预呈现反转模式;1997年后,政府干预呈现趋势模式。文章对该规律的形成给出了行为解释,并据此提出了相关投资建议和政策建议。     

我国货币政策传导机制:阻梗现象与制度安排

完善的货币政策传导机制是任何一种稳定发展的经济所必须的，是健康经济的重要标志之一。近年来，由于我国经济金融运行中出现的种种客观因素的限制，货币政策尚未达到其预期效果。究其原因，主要是货币政策传导机制不畅减弱了货币政策的效果。因此，改善货币政策传导机制的措施应该从消除制度性障碍入手。     

立足内需、扩大消费的财政政策研究

扩大内需一直是我国政府实现经济平稳增长的重要手段。我国一直存在的低消费、高投资的结构性矛盾,将会引发诸多经济运行风险。导致低消费格局的原因主要来自体制障碍,包括收入分配的不合理、城乡二元制结构、政府公共物品供给不足等。因此,需要财政政策在扩大内需,特别是扩大消费中有所作为。通过财政收支等手段建立“消费主导型”经济增长模式应是财政政策今后一段时期内的目标。     

中央银行沟通策略的国际比较

近年来,中央银行沟通已成为一种重要的货币政策工具。本文系统梳理了关联储、英格兰银行、欧洲中央银行、日本银行的沟通实践,并对4家央行沟通策略的相同点和不同点进行了对比分析,从中得出中央银行沟通需要把握的原则和技巧,据此对改进我国中央银行沟通策略提出有针对性的建议。