基于耗散结构理论下企业产品技术创新分析与模型的建立

由比利时科学家普利高津(I.prigogine)针对非平衡热力学和统计物理学的发展提出的耗散结构理论,不仅广泛应用于自然科学,而且广泛地适用于企业,尤其是企业的产品技术创新。应用耗散结构理论分析企业产品技术创新和建立创新模型,对指导企业产品技术创新中实现突变与跃升有着独特的作用。     

突变型顾客需求下的供应链系统稳定性

构建突变型顾客需求下的供应链系统模型,研究了供应链系统在OUT订货策略下的收敛时间与库存控制参数之间的关系,并进一步分析了稳定性与库存控制参数之间的关系,从而给企业在实际生产过程中的库存控制问题提供了一定的参考价值。     

Measurement of Dematerialization/Materialization: A Case Analysis of Energy Saving and Decarbonization in OECD Countries, 1960–95

This article establishes a conceptual framework for dematerialization and materialization, and develops a complete decomposition model for measuring them. Based on our conceptual framework and method, dematerialization in the energy use of the OECD from 1960 to 1995 has been analyzed. During this period, the increase in energy demand was 3597.95 Mtoe. However, the improvement of energy efficiency decreased energy demand by 827.20 Mtoe, and structural shifts decreased energy demand by 139.04 Mtoe. Thus, real energy demand only increased by 2631.71 Mtoe, and the energy saved was 966.24 Mtoe and the energy saving rate was 17.98% for this period. The energy saving rate was about 0.56% per year. In the same period, the increase of CO₂ emissions was 9672.95 Mton. The fuel switching, the improvement of energy efficiency, and structural shifts decreased CO₂ emissions by 1899.67, 2150.31, and 379.07 Mton, respectively. Real CO₂ emissions only increased by 5243.93 Mton, the decarbon was 4429.02 Mton and the decarbonization rate for the period was 29.57%. The decarbon rate was about 0.997% per year. These results show that significant dematerialization has been achieved in the OECD during this period.