毛泽东对孙中山民族理论的继承和超越

毛泽东民族思想、孙中山民族理论世界观不同,但都是解决中国20世纪初所面临的严重民族问题的民族思想。在中华民族的起源、民族危机、民族主义(爱国主义)同世界主义(国际主义)的关系、民族的未来、民族政策和实践等方面都体现了毛泽东民族思想是对孙中山民族理论的继承和超越。     

历史与超越--马克思辩证法的特征

马克思的辩证方法是指向人的自我生成与人自我复归的感性活动,它试图把一种在资本主义社会中已经产生但还没有被人自觉地意识到的自由意识置入人的内心,并以此引导人们选择自己的生存命运.所以,它具有一种历史性和超越性.     

Personal values associated with political consumption: an exploratory study with university students in Brazil

Emerging countries have witnessed an incredible change in their societal structure in the last few years. In Brazil, the economical rise of the middle class brought more that 100 million people to the marketplace. This stimulus to consumerism (i.e. the social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever‐greater amounts) is accompanied by a notable growth in social movements and mobilization of citizen‐consumers, which indicates changes in the values of individuals and concerns with the direction the society is taking. Conscious and political consumption consequently arises as an alternative way. Especially among young consumers such issues are interesting to address from a theoretical and social point of view, as this new generation will shape the future of the nation. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse socially conscious and political consumption in terms of consumers’ civic engagement as political citizens. We argue that the young political consumer is value‐oriented. The study relied on quantitative research, conducted through an internet‐based survey where 458 valid questionnaires were obtained. Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire was used to measure personal values of the interviewees. Conscious and political consumption were measured through eight questions addressing alter‐ and anti‐consumption actions. The results indicated significant differences among the personal values of the university students that were classified as political consumers. Universalism and benevolence stood out among the core values of this group, with prominence of self‐transcendence, appreciation for equality and concerns for the well‐being of others. However, a gap was observed between the discourse and action of interviewees, once only one‐third of the sample undertook some form of political consumption. The conclusion was that most of the university students interviewed show the will to change society with individual actions, but demonstrate very little political commitment, and currently do not act politically in their purchases.     

Green consumers and their identities: how identities change the motivation for green consumption

This research aims to fill the gap in green consumption literature from the perspective of values as types of intentions and identity‐based motivation. In two studies, we examine how the salience of personal and social identities can change the relationship between types of intentions and green consumption. The results demonstrate that when personal identity is salient, self‐transcendence intentions influence green consumption more than self‐enhancement intentions. This is because personal identity (compared with social identity) increases the positive effect of congruent intentions (self‐transcendence) on green consumption. However, when social identity is salient, self‐transcendence and self‐enhancement intentions have a similar impact on green consumption. This is because social identity (compared with personal identity) reduces the negative effect of self‐enhancement intentions on green consumption. Finally, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications for values as types of intentions, identity‐based motivation and green consumption.     

陆九渊对禅学的超越

陆九渊是＂心学＂一派的代表人物,其思想对后世影响很深;禅宗作为佛教中国化的成果,其理论体系占据着中国宗教的主体地位。在宋朝＂三教合流＂的背景下,陆九渊思想受到了禅宗的深刻影响,和禅宗有融会贯通之处,但陆九渊在吸收禅宗思想的基础上,又对禅宗做出了超越。     

从先进文化理念来看儒家文化的现代定位

在构建先进文化过程中。对儒家文化进行现代定位是重要课题。儒家文化的特征是内在超越，其中包含的观念与现代理性精神既有兼容性，但又有矛盾，须对此善加抉择才可能适应现代社会的发展。     

民营企业家的自卑与自我超越

民营企业家作为新的社会阶层之一,是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者,是和谐社会构建的一支重要力量。文章分析了民营企业家的自卑感特点及其产生原因;阐述了民营企业家的自我超越的主要表现;并探讨了对加强民营企业家的心理引导,帮助他们不断战胜自卑、实现自我超越的引导对策。     

分工及其深化的原因探析

分工及其深化的原因历来是经济学、社会学甚至哲学探讨的论题，它与人的需要的变化性密切相关。由于人的需要的变化植根于人的本质，人的本质是需要的否定性、超越性与劳动实践的结合。人的否定性需要、超越性需要与劳动实践之间相互促进，人的否定性需要和超越性需要是永无止境的，劳动实践永远不会停步，因而人的需要总是处在变化之中，基于劳动实践的分工也会永远深化。利益追求的动机是人的否定性需要和超越性需要的表现形式之一，但远不是全部，因此对利益的追逐不是人类分工深化的唯一动力。因此，除了丰富生存需要以外，还应当积极丰富享受需要和发展需要，它们都是分工深化的动力来源，而且可以使人的需要更加丰富和多样，有利于促进人的全面而自由地发展，实现人民的真正富裕。     

企业理论的两种进路:在批判中超越

新制度学派企业理论和马克思企业理论各有不同的理论进路。前者的预设前提、论证过程和理论目的存在严重缺陷；后者虽提供了客观认识现实的方法论指导，但其论证有待深化，结论有待扬弃。资本与劳动间非对称的产权关系和产权结构的不同特点以及由此所决定的二者不同的市场权力地位，是当前资本逻辑形成的原因。构建和谐企业理论的关键是要在企业的双重属性前提下超越“雇佣”的认识局限，走出“剥削”的历史阴影。