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1.
[目的]尝试借鉴景观格局的研究思路,对农村居民点破碎化程度进行评价及其影响因素分析,为当前"新农村建设"中合理进行土地整治提供辅助依据。[方法]充分考虑农村居民点的规模、形状和分布特征,构建了乡镇尺度上的农村居民点综合破碎度评价模型,并利用多元回归模型对其影响因素进行了分析,提出了居民点整理模式的针对性建议。[结果]以沿海平原地区——山东日照为例的研究结果表明:(1)农村居民点破碎度综合指数(FCI)能够较好地反映沿海平原地区农村居民点的空间分异特征;沿海地区FCI大于内陆地区,形成了"阶梯状"的空间分布格局。(2)多元回归模型可以较为准确地探测出破碎度影响因素;研究区FCI的显著影响因素包括距海岸线的距离、距县城的距离、坡度、道路密度等。[结论]通过分析不同等级破碎度的分布特征及其影响因素,可以为各地政府因地制宜开展土地整治、城乡协调发展和新农村建设的土地利用决策提供参考依据。  相似文献   
2.
Using a unique dataset collected in 59 rural Gambian villages, we study how ethnic heterogeneity is related to the structure of four economic exchange networks: land, labour, inputs and credit. We find that different measures of village‐level ethnic fragmentation are mostly uncorrelated with network structure. At a more disaggregated level, household heads belonging to ethnic minorities are not less central than those from the predominant ethnicity in any of the networks and, at the dyadic level, the fact that two households share ethnicity is not an economically significant predictor of link formation. Our results indicate that, in the particular setting of our study, the structure of the exchange networks is better defined by other variables than ethnicity and that ethnic heterogeneity is unlikely to be a driver for sub‐optimal economic exchanges.  相似文献   
3.
This paper shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location, have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short-term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on monetary policy operations, I show that this mechanism has been at work in the euro area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures.  相似文献   
4.
Given the background of the increasing opportunity cost of farming and the popularization of labour-saving technology, increased fragmentation has gradually become a key factor in the devaluation and abandonment of land assets. To systematically identify the costs of fragmentation, we use a series of indicators such as the number of plots, the Simpson index, the plot-homestead distance and the total minimum commuting time from the homestead to all plots to measure the extent of fragmentation. A translogcost function is developed and estimated using survey data from three periods, 2011, 2014 and 2017; the data include an effective sample of 1064 household-year observations involving 6599 plot-year observations in Chongqing, China. The extent of fragmentation in the mountains of southwest China is quite serious compared with that in other countries and regions. The Simpson index is 0.63, and on average, 6.06 mu (1 mu = 666.67 m2 or 1 mu = 1/15 ha) of cultivated land is distributed in 6.16 plots, while the total minimum commuting time from the homestead to all plots is approximately 45 min. An increase of one standard deviation in the number of plots, the Simpson index or total minimum commuting time would lead to cost increases of 7.1 %, 15.1 % and 12.2 %, respectively, if other conditions remain unchanged. The channel for the above result involves the changes in the cost share of inputs caused by fragmentation, which increase the labour cost share and reduce the machinery cost share. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between farm scale and production cost with an inflection point at 47 mu; that is, costs begin to decrease when the scale exceeds 47 mu. However, the average farm scale is currently only 6.06 mu. In addition, production costs can be significantly reduced by renting-in land and implementing land consolidation. To reduce land system-induced costs in mountainous areas, the government should rationally consolidate land to achieve moderate-scale management, reduce the transaction costs of land transfers and popularize machinery suitable for complex terrain.  相似文献   
5.
This study investigates under which circumstances trade has impact on inflation dynamics by examining the independent effects of trade intensity, intra-industry trade and trade on value added. Trade in goods is decomposed into consumption (final) goods and intermediate inputs to deepen the assessment of the role of the globalisation of production activities on inflation dynamics. Open-economy new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) analyses suggest that inflation is sensitive to domestic factors and that the relevance of external factors changes with respect to the nature of trade, country groups and time. Vertical intra-industry trade in intermediate inputs and value-added trade play important role, whereas final goods trade has no statistically significant effect on inflation dynamics.  相似文献   
6.
[目的]小麦是我国重要的口粮之一,提高小麦的技术效率对于保障粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。在测算小麦技术效率的基础上,找出影响小麦技术效率的关键因素,为保障国家口粮安全提供参考。[方法]基于调研数据,运用超越对数生产函数以及一步随机前沿分析方法,构建计量模型分析土地细碎化和土地质量对小麦技术效率的影响。[结果]全部样本的技术效率差距较大,规模经营农户的技术效率高于小农户,农户技术效率最高的种植面积为67~333hm2,代表小麦种植的适宜规模。从技术效率的影响因素来看,土地细碎化程度和土地质量都对小麦生产的技术效率产生显著影响。[结论]为了提高小麦的技术效率,应该发展多种形式适度规模经营,鼓励创新土地流转形式,提高农业机械化水平; 深入开展土地质量调查,因地制宜地选择土地修复路径; 实行精准补贴,切实保护农民的利益。  相似文献   
7.
土地细碎化是当前我国农业生产的基本格局,也是农业适度规模经营和农业现代化的主要障碍之一。土地细碎化表面上是地块的细碎化。实质上是土地产权的细碎化,而无论是土地流转还是土地整治,都未能从根本上整合细碎化的土地产权。怀远县基于方便农民耕种的需要,在基层大胆创新的基础上,充分发挥集体组织调整土地的功能,通过“三不变、两提倡、一调整”形成了“一户一块田”的耕种模式,有效解决了土地细碎化难题。我国农村土地细碎化治理及制度变革,必须强化集体组织的土地统筹权利和能力,赋予其相应的土地(地块)调整职能,并加强农村基层组织建设;要立足于小农经济为主的基本国情,保护耕作者的利益,为满足现代化小农生产提供服务;既要尊重各地群众的意愿和创造性,也要规范指导,有序推进。  相似文献   
8.
为了解释中国近年来对东亚经济体贸易逆差持续地增加的现象,文章在国际生产分割背景下,分别基于总体、国家(地区)和行业视角,对1992—2012年中国与东亚8个经济体间的零部件贸易面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明:中国作为东亚国际生产网络中的枢纽,从日韩等东亚经济体进口零部件会显著扩大中国对东亚经济体的贸易逆差,其中以ICT行业最为典型;生产分割效应弱化了汇率对双边贸易平衡的影响。只要中国在国际生产分割中所扮演的角色不变,中国对外贸易总体顺差和区域性逆差的局面将会持续存在。  相似文献   
9.
Abstract

This study investigates the macroeconomic impact of EU's free trade agreements with Asian countries and the US on the Chinese economy. In addition we examine the impacts on the Chinese industry output based on the framework of production network and production fragmentation. The expansion of the EU's economic reach toward ASEAN and Japan through free trade agreement will generate a positive macroeconomic effect on negotiation participants while it generates a negative effect on the Chinese economy: Some portions of existing trade and foreign direct investment will be shifted to partner countries from non-partner countries. However, according to a sectorial analysis, EU's free trade agreements with three countries result in a positive impact on China's electronics and machinery industry, because China's industry is linked to the production fragmentation and foreign affiliates play a crucial role.  相似文献   
10.
管线输送介质成分越来越复杂,对管线内壁抗腐蚀性能的要求也越来越高,一些管线被设计为双金属复合管线。由于双金属复合弯管和管件没有国家和行业标准可指导生产检验,造成了复合弯管和管件在生产检验过程中遇到的一系列问题,其中最为突出的问题是热处理工艺、超声波检测和内衬层浅表面裂纹问题。对内衬层浅表面裂纹缺陷问题提出了解决办法。  相似文献   
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