小麦赤霉病及控制技术研究进展

赤霉病作为小麦常见病症的一种,近年来发生的越来越频繁。本文简述小麦赤霉病发生的性状、影响因素、处理手段,为赤霉病小麦的处理方法提供一些参考。     

利用生物酶解技术提高小麦麸皮食用性的研究

麸皮是小麦制粉的主要副产物,占小麦质量的15%~20%,我国每年约有2000万t小麦麸皮资源,85%以上用于饲料、传统酿造业,资源增值转化率低。小麦麸皮中含有丰富的膳食纤维、蛋白质、植酸、维生素、矿物质等。本课题采用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对小麦麸皮进行酶解,通过实验确定了纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和木聚糖酶联合酶解麸皮最适条件,即60℃,PH为4,酶解时间为4hr,料水比为1:15,酶比为5:10:2,或者在60℃,PH为5,酶解时间为3hr,料水比为1:10,酶比为5:10:3,在此条件下,酶解后的小麦麸皮食用性最佳。     

小麦面筋含量测定影响因素分析

面筋含量是影响小麦和小麦粉品质的重要因素,面筋吸水率是小麦储存品质的重要指标。本文对小麦面筋含量测定中的关键步骤和重点环节进行了分析,探讨不同因素对试验结果造成的影响及应注意的事项,以期为各基层试验人员提供借鉴,为未来标准的修订提供参考。     

基础设施在中国农业全要素生产率中的作用

This paper uses the Malmquist index to examine the sources of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Chinese agriculture. The overall goal of this study is to create a framework for assessing the trend of China’s agricultural infrastructure and to measure its impact on Total Factor Productivity. The main methodological contribution is to provide more contributive measure of crop-specific technologies. Based on the province-level panel data set during 1988–2002, the primary finding is that infrastructure has positively and statistically significant association with the estimated coefficient on Total Factor Productivity for rice, wheat, maize, and bean. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Cash Marketing Styles and Performance Persistence

Much agricultural economics research has been dedicated to determining the best time for producers to sell their commodities. Unlike this past research, we look at how producers actually sell commodities. The extent to which producers display an active or mechanical marketing style is measured using individual farmer sales. The activeness of a producer's marketing strategy is measured by how much the timing of their strategy varies from year to year. Results show no relationship between activeness and net prices received. Furthermore, the results show no evidence of performance persistence by individual producers.     

The Tunisia Wheat Market in the Context of World Price Volatility: A Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Approach

Food security is a key objective of agricultural and food policy in Tunisia. The 2007–2008 food crisis highlighted the negative impacts of price volatility on international markets both in terms of food insecurity and budget exposure. Tunisian food subsidy expenditures ranged from $180 million to $710 million in 2006–2010, so volatile world prices meant volatile subsidy costs. Moreover, cereal production in Tunisia still has much instability due to climate conditions, which also influences imports and, consequently, subsidy expenditures. This study applies a structural model to conduct stochastic analyses of trade and policy impacts on food security and budget expenditures in the Tunisian wheat market. The methodology disaggregates durum wheat and soft wheat markets and generates projections of import prices of durum wheat and soft wheat, using projections of world prices provided by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU). The key innovation is the generated stochastic analyses of subsidy costs based on stochastic world price projections and stochastic domestic wheat yields based on historic yield variances. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of subsidy costs to world prices, volumes imported and domestic production, so that alternative policy tools can be considered.     

新形势下黑胚小麦病及检验研究

黑胚小麦病又被称为小麦黑点病,是一种在小麦胚或其他部位出现变色的病害。文章主要论述了我国在新形势下对黑胚小麦病的研究及其流行规律和病因,同时阐述了新疆粮油产品质量监督检验站在应对黑胚小麦病上的检验措施。     

安徽省亳州市小麦产业现状与发展策略研究

目的 亳州市位于黄淮麦区,是安徽省小麦种植面积第二大地市,亳州小麦产业化发展对安徽省至关重要,总结亳州小麦产业发展现状,分析其存在的主要问题,为亳州小麦产业化发展提供建议。方法 文章通过对亳州小麦产业和加工企业进行实地调查,委托亳州市农业局和农业科学院组织主题为小麦生产和消费的座谈会,收集小麦种植品种、种植面积以及产量等相关数据,分析小麦产业化发展现状及现存主要问题。结果 亳州市形成以优质强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦为主,弱筋小麦为辅的种植结构,2019年优质专用小麦种植面积占小麦总面积69%。现有规模化面粉企业28家,合计年加工小麦约200万t,消费当地近60%的小麦。小麦产业发展过程中存在“农业合作社规模较小,种植规模和专业技能不足”“订单农业较少,小麦优质不优价”“面粉企业规模较小,下游食品加工企业少”“产业链间的融合不够紧密”等问题。结论 提出“构建大规模小麦加工体系,发挥龙头企业的产业带动作用”“发展农业专业合作组织,实现规模化、标准化、专业化种植”“研发优质品种配套栽培技术,实现良种良法”“打造优质专用小麦生产示范区,培育区域品牌”等策略建议。     

小麦种植效益影响因素与提高途径分析研究——以山东省日照市为例

小麦是世界各国重要粮食作物之一,也是我国整个农业生产的基础,处重要战略地位,关系民生和国家粮食安全。但在粮油大宗作物当中效益一直垫底,在迫切需要加快农业转型升级的同时,提高小麦种植效益非常重要。文章采用2000年以来有关数据,按高、中、低等3种不同产量水平计算产值,扣除当年种子、化肥、农药等直接成本和人工费用等间接成本,对小麦种植效益横向、纵向分析比较,得出近十几年来小麦种植效益大致经历了低迷期、增长期和稳定期等3个阶段,纯收入在45~400元/667m~2之间,效益增加主要得益于粮价的提高和政策性补贴。纵观国际市场、国内政策等宏观外因条件,结合人工、地力、劳动力素质等内因影响,解析了小麦种植效益制约因素。联系实际并辅以实例,提出了小麦当前种植效益在不能依靠小麦涨价的背景下,只能依靠科技手段,进一步挖掘增产潜力,走节本增效的路子。