Designing a Model for Competitiveness Measurement of Selected Tourism Destinations of Iran (The Model and Rankings)

Destination competitiveness is the ability to sustain or improve market position and market share of a destination over a period of time. Different markets have different expectations which increase the importance of features a destination should provide in order to achieve competitive advantage. The results of this study show that the domestic model of Iran’s destinations competitiveness comprises 9 major indices. These indices are made of 64 variables which have been derived from literature reviews and qualitative surveys. The results of running the model for all selected destinations are consistent with the destinations’ tourist statistics except for one destination (Qom).     

山西省特色农业产业集群集中度和竞争力分析*——以运城苹果、朔州羊肉、晋城大豆为例

[目的]文章选取了山西省3个具有代表性的特色农业产业集群(运城苹果、朔州羊肉、晋城大豆)进行研究,通过探索山西省特色农业产业集群发展的优势与不足,有助于提升产品竞争力和助力区域经济发展,进而达到促进农业发展、带动农民增收的目的。[方法]文章运用2005年、2010年、2015年3个时期的数据,首先基于波特的钻石模型分析了3个产业的发展情况,然后运用区位商和集中系数指标、产业效率优势指数和规模优势指数指标分别分析了3个特色农业产业集群的集中化程度和竞争力。[结果]从集中化程度来看,运城苹果产业发展进入成熟阶段,专业化程度和集中化程度近几年一直较为稳定,进一步提升空间不大;朔州羊肉产业处于大幅上升阶段,集中化程度明显,且优于专业化程度;晋城大豆产业专业化程度优势优于集中化程度优势,但二者均呈先升后降趋势。从竞争力评价角度来看,运城苹果产业已初具产业效率优势且稳定上升,规模优势稳定且变化不明显;朔州羊肉产业具有极高的产业效率优势且高位运行,规模优势稳定且处于成熟阶段;晋城大豆产业正在形成产业效率优势,规模优势近年来稍有下降。从综合比较优势来看,运城苹果产业处于成熟阶段,朔州羊肉产业具有极强的综合比较优势,晋城大豆产业受规模优势下降的影响而下降。[结论]总体来看,3个产业作为山西省的特色农业产业,其集中化程度和竞争力均较高,且具有发展优势和发展空间,区域布局合理,已经形成或正在形成特色农业产业集群,但同时也存在一定的问题。从微观层面来说,农户、企业等微观主体应该继续发挥产品的品质优势,同时努力扩大市场份额和拓展销售渠道,积极延伸产业链,加强与科研院所的合作;从宏观层面来说,应该加强政府支持和引导,减少市场风险的不确定性。     

Relative-to-rival corporate philanthropy,product market competitiveness,and stakeholders

Unlike most of the literature that examines the relationship between corporate philanthropy and financial performance, this study investigates the mechanisms through which corporate socially responsible behaviors produce financial outcomes. We propose that corporate philanthropy improves corporate competitiveness by eliciting positive responses from stakeholders, who assess a firm’s philanthropic contribution in relation to its rivals to determine what level of support they wish to provide to the firm. We predict that a firm’s philanthropy relative to its rivals has a positive effect on its product market competitiveness, and that this positive effect is moderated by three conditions that influence stakeholder response: stakeholder attention to philanthropy, its perceived legitimacy, and expectations of corporate giving. Our predictions are generally supported by our analyses. Overall, this paper shows that strategic philanthropy has a quantitative dimension, and firms obtain the market competitiveness associated with corporate philanthropy by integrating their rivals’ positions into their decision making.     

贵州有色金属产业集聚度与竞争力的实证研究

促进有色金属产业集聚是提升贵州省有色金属产业竞争力的主要途径之一，因而准确测度和把握有色金属产业集聚与贵州有色金属产业竞争力的关系是非常必要的。文章把贵州省放在西部九省中进行对比分析，选取区位熵反映有色金属产业集聚度，选择企业数量区位熵反映矿产资源产业区域集聚度，选取产业产值区位熵反映有色金属产业经济集聚度，而有色金属产业竞争力则选取产值利润率借以反映。具体实证数据均来源于西部9个省份的2013统计年鉴与2013年的中国有色金属工业年鉴。通过实证研究认为贵州省有色金属产业存在诸如区域集聚、经济集聚不足，产值利润率低下，产业集聚效应难以充分发挥等问题。最后提出提升贵州省有色金属产业竞争力的相关政策建议。     

新时代中小企业运营管理与竞争力再造

中小企业在我国的国民经济中占据了半壁江山,其为国民经济的发展贡献了重要的力量,在我国的竞争市场占据了重要的份额,为我国广大的待就业人士提供了就业的机会。论文就新时代中小企业运营管理与竞争力再造展开研究,以供参考。     

湖北省优化营商环境分析与优化研究

良好的营商环境对提升区域综合竞争力具有重大意义。本文采用近年湖北省营商环境相关数据,运用主成分分析法运算得分,从经贸环境、社会环境、基础设施、生态环境、服务环境等湖北营商环境指标,揭示相关政策措施对湖北省营商环境的促进作用,以期为相关部门完善优化营商环境政策,提升湖北省营商环境提供参考。     

中国农业竞争力提升视域下的小农户发展

目前我国农业发展面临一个急需破解的重大悖论：如何在发展小农户的基础上提升中国农业竞争力。论文提出中国特色农业竞争力具有三重内涵：以生产竞争力为基本要求，以安全竞争力为战略底线，以市场竞争力为主攻方向。小农户发展对于提升中国农业竞争力有重要作用，这体现于小农户发展有助于提升农业生产竞争力、安全竞争力和市场竞争力并推动提升机制之间联动。因此，提升中国农业竞争力必须促进小农户发展，并且小农户发展有提升农业竞争力的可能性，但当前小农户发展受到内外条件的约束。据此，本文提出以下政策建议：完善政府支持、发挥小农户主体作用、发展和推广农业科技和物质装备以及将小农户融入产业链。     

Does economic policy uncertainty raise corporate precautionary cash holdings? Evidence from China

Using China as the research setting, this paper investigates the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and corporate precautionary cash holdings. Empirical results show a U-shaped relation between economic policy uncertainty and corporate precautionary cash holdings. Empirical analysis, in terms of ownership structure, firm size, corporate competitiveness and geographical location, further shows that (i) the effects for economic policy uncertainty in both state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises are significant, but the effect is stronger for state-owned enterprises; (ii) such significant effect is also found more strongly in small and medium-sized enterprises and highly competitive enterprises; and (iii) the effects for eastern, central and western China are all statistically significant, but the effect is strongest for eastern China.     

Bioelectricity in Malaysia: economic feasibility,environmental and deforestation implications

We investigate the economic feasibility of bioelectricity production from biomass in Malaysia and its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and storage, agricultural prices, agricultural employment and deforestation. For this purpose, we develop a partial equilibrium model that projects agricultural prices, production, imports, exports, domestic consumption and land use in 5‐year increments between 2015 and 2065. Our results show that by 2030 biomass‐generated electricity can supply 36.5 per cent of the electricity generated in Malaysia, 16 times more than the 2016 electricity supply from biomass. Increased bioelectricity production from biomass will significantly reduce GHG emissions and will help Malaysia meet its commitment in the Paris Agreement to mitigate GHG emission by 45 per cent before 2030. Our modelling shows that biomass‐generated electricity creates a derived demand for waste biomass that expands the area of oil palm plantations. The expansion lowers agricultural prices, boosts agricultural employment and leads to some deforestation as landowners clear rainforest to plant oil palm trees. Nonetheless, the deforestation does not increase GHG emissions since GHG gains from bioelectricity significantly exceed GHG losses from deforestation.     

生产分工视角的中国对美国货物出口竞争力验证

考虑生产分工对中美间经贸联系程度、贸易规模和结构的影响,基于生产分工下价值链视角,构建出口竞争力测度指标体系,验证中国对美国货物出口竞争力。结果显示:2016年及之前,中国仅在杂项制品大类上,对美国显示出较强出口竞争力,机械和运输设备、动物和植物油、油脂和蜡我国具有比较优势,化学成品及有关产品、按原料分类的制成品双方竞争性较强,其余大类上,中国对美国出口竞争力不具优势。引入其他国家作对比的分析结果表明:中国对对比国家均无显著出口竞争力,而且对美国出口具有单价优势的资本技术密集型产品,对这些国家出口多缺乏单价优势,而2017年以来对美国和对比国家的贸易变化,进一步勾画出中国对美国货物出口竞争力不足。在生产分工主导全球产业发展背景下,提升我国在全球生产分工中的参与地位,宜强化自主技术研发、提升外资质量和技术外溢、加快"走出去"学习先进技术。