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1.
Using a dynamic national computable general equilibrium model, we investigate the impact of carbon tax and energy efficiency improvement on the economy and environment of China. The Chinese social account matrix is presented based upon the latest input–output table (2012 IO table) and other data. The business as usual (BAU) scenario is designed according to several forecasts about China by 2030, followed by six policy scenarios, including different levels of carbon tax and technological progress as well as their combinations. The results show that carbon tax will frustrate the overall economic growth slightly. The CO2 emission will be 13.81% lower in 2030 compared to BAU case if the carbon tax scheme is carried out at a rate of 200 RMB/ton of CO2. Technological progress will stimulate the economic growth, enrich the household and government income, increase total investment and make most sectors prosperous with the exception of energy industries. 相似文献
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High-speed rail (HSR) and tourism are closely related economic activities because improved mobility is perceived to facilitate tourist behavioral changes. This study examines the influence of HSR on the travel patterns of individual tourists in Taiwan in relation to time, space and carbon emissions. A framework is first provided to discuss how changes in the speed of intercity transportation will affect visitors’ choice of the journey, behavior at destinations and trip quality. In addition, HSR is expected to influence five general aspects of travel decisions relating to mobility and trip emissions, including mode selection, travel distance, length of stay per trip, annual travel frequency and total travel days. In the example of Taiwan, information by onsite sampling of 400 domestic travelers found that HSR had a weak influence on travel distance and length of stay per trip, but was observed to facilitate extended time at each stop, a deeper engagement with the locality, and an approximate 10% reduction in transport carbon emissions through intermodal substitution. These phenomena are in line with the slow travel concept of sustainable tourism consumption. 相似文献
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基于碳排放的河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率分析及对策建议 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
[目的]为探索粮食绿色增产模式,推进农业供给侧结构性改革和绿色可持续发展。[方法]分别运用SBM-ML指数模型与DEA Malmquist指数模型对2004—2016年河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率和传统全要素生产率进行测算和对比分析,并采用ESDA法探讨了粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的空间关联性。[结果]河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率明显低于传统全要素生产率; 2004—2016年河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率的驱动因素经历了由技术进步驱动转变为技术效率驱动再转变为技术进步和技术效率共同驱动的过程,但技术进步的贡献率明显高于技术效率; 河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的二元全局空间自相关大体呈“N”型变化,粮食绿色全要素生产率和粮食产出由不平衡发展逐渐趋向平衡发展。[结论]忽视碳排放的传统粮食全要素生产率测算与实际有较大偏差。建议通过转变发展模式,探索粮食绿色增产道路; 因地制宜,有效利用技术进步和技术效率双轮驱动; 不断推进河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的平衡发展3项措施来实现粮食生产的综合提升。 相似文献
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The objective of this article is to summarize and review the literature on the determinants of road traffic injuries and fatalities, to identify the relevant research gaps in particular for low and middle income countries. We also present a cross-country analysis of the determinants of road traffic injuries and fatalities that take into account a wide range of potential environmental, economic and social factors. The present study focused on differences based on the level of development. The goal was to identify relevant commonalities that may assist in the creation of road safety policies common to countries at a similar level of development. The countries were divided according to the level of gross national income per capita, and these income-level groups were the primary units of interest. The results presented here focus on the differences by income level. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the driving factors behind the transition to a low carbon economy. Here, we offer a two-part analysis: First, we examine the factors leading to the current level of cleantech development. To do so, we examine the impact of country-level economic variables (real GDP, market return, and turnover) and country-level institutional variables on patent intensity. Results from this analysis show that cleantech patenting activity is fostered by a supportive institutional environment that promotes innovation and low-carbon development through carbon pricing policies, country-level public R&D expenditure and human capital. Second, we extend the notion of ‘path creation’ to map out different pathways for cleantech development on a country-level within a real options framework, and offer a corresponding valuation of cleantech patents. Our estimates of total wealth creation through the development of cleantech patents by 2050 range from US$10.16 to US$15.49 trillion dollars (13%–20% of the world GDP in 2017) with investment growth from US$2.93 to US$3.71 trillion (3.7%–4.7% of the world GDP in 2017). The results from our analysis suggest that market forces will drive the transition to a cleantech economy. 相似文献
8.
当前小体积远端射频单元(Remote Radio Unit,RRU)主要是皮站级别的Pico-RRU,其重量和体积仍然难以满足掌上型的要求。为此,采用高集成度的AD9361芯片来实现长期演进(Long Term Evolution,LTE)宽带收发信机功能,配合时钟同步模块、放大器模块和控制接口电路等一起构建低成本的掌上型RRU。主要解决了基于AD9516的时钟同步、低相位噪声设计和高灵敏度接收机设计三个技术难点,成功实现了掌上型、高性能、低成本的设计目标。整个RRU样机尺寸为18 cm×10 cm×2 cm,质量约500 g,量产成本千元以内。测试表明,该RRU下行误差向量幅度(Error Vector Magnitude,EVM)小于3%,优于3GPP要求的8%;10 MHz带宽时上行接收机灵敏度优于3GPP要求的-93.5 dBm。 相似文献
9.
Developing countries today have become more active participants in regional trade agreements. This raises questions about how the benefits of integration are distributed, and the extent to which lower‐income countries are able to capture development gains. Historically, such impacts have been difficult to identify with precision. This paper seeks to address this gap by empirically analysing the impact of regional integration on development, particularly the effects on growth and welfare. Using both bilateral and regional integration measures, we show that the ability to capture gains from integration varies across developing country regional groups, with developing Asia benefiting on par with developed countries. The findings in the paper indicate that trade and trade policy play an important role in reducing inequality and poverty in developing countries. It also shows that regionalism can function as a channel to make multilateralism a more adept way of addressing national challenges. 相似文献
10.
Tesfaye T. Lemma Ayalew Lulseged Mohammad Tavakolifar 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2021,30(8):3919-3936
Motivated by the rising consensus that corporate engagement in climate change actions holds the key for society's transition into environmentally resilient economy, the study examines whether a firm's commitment to climate change action and its carbon risk exposure shape the firm's debt financing policy. Based on insights drawn from signaling, corporate reputation, and agency theories, we develop models that link corporate commitment to climate change actions and a firm's carbon risk exposure with its debt financing decisions. Using data drawn from S&P 500 companies, for years 2015 to 2019, we find a robust evidence that firms that engage in higher levels of commitment to climate change actions issue a higher proportion of debt with longer terms to maturity, even after controlling for their carbon risk exposure. However, we do not find a robust evidence corroborating an association between firms' carbon risk exposure and their debt financing policy. These findings are consistent with arguments that high-commitment firms enjoy positive reputation, better credit rating, and reduced agency and information asymmetry costs, allowing them to gain easier access to long-term debt markets. 相似文献