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1.
Programs to improve water quality do not improve all water bodies equally. Evaluation of the benefits of such programs must account for where improvements occur and the relative magnitude of improvements that occur in different places. This study uses a choice experiment survey to explore how the value to a household of a surface water quality improvement varies as a function of (i) the distance between the household and the affected streams and rivers, (ii) the degree to which the quality of the water has been improved, (iii) how many stream and river miles have been improved, and (iv) the sizes of the affected streams and rivers. Results show evidence that value declines with distance in an approximately linear way, weak evidence that large rivers are worth more than small rivers, and no evidence that willingness-to-pay is nonlinear in either the degree of water quality improvement or the number of stream miles improved. These results indicate that it may be defensible in applied work to value small, spatially-explicit water quality improvement projects independently and then sum over projects. 相似文献
2.
使用SBM-Undesirable模型测算我国31省份的新能源制氢效率,从新能源制氢效率和新能源装机容量两个维度构建评价体系,再应用熵权评价法,对我国31省份的新能源制氢潜力进行分析,同时研究了新能源制氢潜力2017—2030年的变化情况。结果表明:风电制氢的效率明显高于光伏制氢;西北和华北地区的新能源制氢潜力明显高于其他地区;西北和华南地区存在新能源制氢潜力与加氢设施建设之间短期发展不均衡的现象;2030年我国各省份新能源制氢效率和潜力较2017年都有所提升。最后,依据评价结果提出改善我国氢能产业发展的对策建议。 相似文献
3.
Many experts agree that more agricultural investment is needed in the global South to improve local food security and reduce poverty. However, there is a lack of consensus about the types of investment needed to achieve these goals. This paper contributes to the literature on large agricultural investments and corresponding business models by inventorying and analysing such investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki area. We identify four clusters of business models that differ primarily by type of production and other distinct determinants, namely: demand from markets; access to land; land tenure regime and colonial history; actors involved; biophysical context; labour availability; and governance of the value chain via private standards. The study results shed light on the factors that help or hinder implementation of large agricultural investments and shape their impacts in the context of African land use systems. The way land is accessed represents one of the most-decisive factors determining the risks and opportunities associated with such projects. We find that most investments in the Nanyuki area occur on land bought or leased from private owners. 相似文献
4.
[目的]客观揭示农村贫困化地域分异机制,为科学推进川西北高原藏区精准扶贫创新途径、综合战略和认真贯彻落实中央治藏方略提供参考依据。[方法]应用地理探测器模型、GIS空间分析与地统计方法等方法,探测川西北高原藏区贫困村单位面积GDP分异的主导因素,揭示农村贫困化分异机制,提出不同贫困化地域类型的扶贫政策措施。[结果]影响川西北高原藏区农村贫困化分异的主导因素包括到主要交通道路距离、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土地利用、年均温度和海拔高程等,各因素对贫困村经济发展分异的解释力分别为80. 76%、12. 82%、8. 82%、5. 45%和3. 96%;贫困村经济发展贫困化的分异机制存在明显差异,可归纳为交通区位约束型、自然环境约束型和经济区位约束型等三大类型;农村贫困化驱动机制下的贫困村精准扶贫政策措施亟需因地制宜、科学推进、讲求实效,有序推进精准扶贫战略。[结论]精准扶贫应分类指导、重点突破,尤其加强贫困村交通、水利、公共基础设施建设和特色农牧业产业培植,注重多种扶贫模式的综合集成。 相似文献
5.
目的 探讨新一代与老一代流动人口生活满意度的影响因素,为制定流动人口管理和农民工市民化政策提供参考。方法 文章基于珠三角地区流动人口的问卷调查数据,构建OLS回归模型和分位数回归模型分析两代流动人口生活满意度。结果 (1)住房面积、社会保险、个人收入、对所在城市印象以及城市医疗影响两代流动人口生活满意度,但是在不同生活满意度分位数水平下,影响因素存在差异;(2)在低生活满意度水平下,务工年限、个人收入显著地影响老一代流动人口生活满意度,而住房面积、社会保险及对所在城市的印象显著地影响新老两代流动人口生活满意度;(3)在高生活满意度水平下,社会保险、对所在城市印象显著地影响老一代流动人口生活满意度,而务工年限显著地影响新一代流动人口生活满意度。结论 新一代流动人口的生活满意度高于老一代流动人口,在不同生活满意度分位数水平下,两代流动人口影响因素存在差异。因此,制定流动人口生活满意度政策需要考虑代际差异,还需要考虑不同分位数水平下的差异。 相似文献
6.
Sarah Bradshaw 《Feminist Economics》2019,25(1):119-144
Despite reductions in poverty generally, recent trends in Latin American countries show processes of both de-feminization and re-feminization of poverty. A rise in the numbers of women to men living in income-poor households has occurred despite feminized anti-poverty programs, most notably conditional cash transfers (CCTs), which target resources to women. This paper shows that methodological differences in what, how, and who is the focus of measurement may influence patterns of poverty “feminization.” It also suggests that feminized policy interventions might in themselves be playing a role in the re-feminization of poverty, not least because of data and definitional limitations in the way female-headed households and, relatedly, women’s poverty are understood. The somewhat paradoxical interactions between the feminization of household headship, the feminization of poverty, and the feminization of anti-poverty programs present interesting challenges for redressing gender gaps in poverty within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 相似文献
7.
8.
文章探讨了中国贸易自由化进程对犯罪活动的影响及其发生作用的机制。研究基于中国产品层面的关税数据,构建差异性的地区贸易保护指标,衡量各地区贸易自由化程度,进而利用2000-2011年省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型与工具变量法实证检验贸易自由化与犯罪率之间的关系及潜在人口流动的影响机制。结果表明:中国加入WTO后,贸易自由化显著推升了犯罪率水平,且贸易自由化程度越深入的省份,犯罪率提升程度越高,地区效应显著;贸易自由化主要通过增加外来人口流入等渠道推升了犯罪活动。因而,中国在进一步对外开放过程中,要注重处理好贸易自由化带来的负面效应和由此产生的额外社会成本,更加注重流动人口权益的保障,消除劳动力市场扭曲,最小化贸易自由化可能带来的不利影响。 相似文献
9.
Online-to-offline (O2O) has become a rapidly growing e-commerce model worldwide, but the factors influencing consumers' purchase decision-making have not been examined well. After exploring the working mechanism of the O2O model, we extract eleven indexes of consumers' overall evaluation in the O2O model with Crawlzilla and R techniques. Social network analysis (SNA) is adopted to build social networks reflecting consumers' overall evaluation in the O2O model. Based on the modified social network and the extracted subgraph, this study (N = 768) reveals consumers' overall evaluation behavior patterns in the O2O model by calculating network density, central potential, edge betweenness. The results show that shoppers overall evaluate the eleven indexes, especially perceived product quality, online product price, promotion intensity, business reputation, and product brand, which reflects the significant associations between the indexes. Among all the eleven evaluation indexes, perceived product quality, online product price, and business reputation dominate consumers’ decision-making behavior. When making purchase decisions, consumers not only overall consider online product price, perceived product quality, and business reputation but also balance perceived product quality, business reputation, and promotion intensity. Finally, we make some suggestions on marketing strategy for e-commerce companies. 相似文献
10.
张小波 《经济理论与经济管理》2021,41(7):64-80
本文界定了金融“脱实向虚”的内涵,设计了研判金融“脱实向虚”的挂钩变量和标准。本文以1990—2019年78个国家为样本的实证研究显示:2012年我国金融出现“脱实向虚”,2012—2014年处于低度“脱实向虚”状态,2015—2018年出现了中度“脱实向虚”,2019年又回落到低度“脱实向虚”,但未来5年金融杠杆会回升。这意味着未来经济运行仍将面临高杠杆带来的系统性金融风险,以及金融杠杆波动性不断加剧给经济增长带来更大的负面冲击。宏观调控的政策取向和首要任务仍是“降杠杆”和“稳增长”。针对该形势,本文提出:一是亟须建立金融“脱实向虚”的审慎监管机制,将金融杠杆作为金融“脱实向虚”的审慎监管政策工具,将均衡金融杠杆作为研判金融“脱实向虚”的标准,前瞻性地引导金融回归服务实体经济的本位职能。二是改革现有存款基准利率的“双轨制”,实施货币政策“锁短放长”的创新性操作来消除导致金融“脱实向虚”的政策诱因。 相似文献