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1.
Empirical evidence suggests that women are discriminated against in the labor market. We analyze the effects of taste-based and statistical gender discrimination on business cycle and inflation dynamics by including unpaid household production, two-agent households, and discriminatory firm behavior in a tractable New Keynesian model. After a negative demand shock, we find that the economic downturn is more severe in comparison to a non-discriminatory environment, as the shock implies an increase in the inefficient utilization of female and male productivity. Furthermore, the working time allocation between women and men becomes more inefficient. Moreover, we show that discrimination implies a lower transmission of expansionary monetary policy shocks on inflation. Overall, taste-based discrimination leads to larger macroeconomic distortions, while statistical discrimination implies higher intra-household inefficiencies.  相似文献   
2.
本文基于全球42个主要经济体1991—2016年的面板数据,系统考察了双支柱政策框架的金融稳定效应。实证结果表明:(1)货币政策和宏观审慎政策在抑制家庭信贷增长上具有显著作用,双支柱政策在缓解金融风险顺周期性上具有显著的金融稳定效应;(2)盯住贷款的宏观审慎工具和针对借款人、贷款人的宏观审慎组合具有更为显著的金融稳定效应;(3)新兴经济体的货币政策在抑制家庭信贷扩张上的作用不显著,但其宏观审慎政策的金融稳定效应相较发达经济体更为显著,发达经济体双支柱政策的金融稳定效应总体显著,其中货币政策效应更为突出;(4)发达经济体的货币政策效应在下行周期优于上行周期,宏观审慎政策及其与货币政策的交互效应在上行周期优于下行周期;(5)只有个别宏观审慎工具会对失业率、消费和物价产生微弱的负效应。  相似文献   
3.
We add to the ongoing discussion regarding the policy consequences of terrorism by analyzing the effect of terrorism on international economic policy for a panel of 170 countries between 1970 and 2016. We find that countries resort to less liberal international economic policies when facing the threat of terrorism. This effect is especially relevant to smaller (less populated) countries. Our main finding is robust to an instrumental-variable approach. We argue that governments pursue less liberal international economic policies in response to terrorism to interrupt the organization and financing of terrorism, limit capital flight, stabilize public finances and signal political resolve.  相似文献   
4.
We study unconventional policy shocks and information shocks associated with central bank announcements in the U.S. While unconventional policy shocks capture the direct influence of announced monetary policy actions, information shocks are associated with central bank information conveyed with the announcement. To disentangle these two types of shocks, we impose sign restrictions on high frequency changes in interest rates and stock prices around announcements. We find that information shocks lead to persistent declines in the 10-year government bond yield, whereas the actual unconventional policy shock induces only small interest rate responses. We also find that expansionary output effects of unconventional monetary policy are to some extent counteracted by the information shock.  相似文献   
5.
Monetary policy relies on managing the inflation expectations of the public in order to influence prices (inflation). Relying on the South African experience, we argue that most of the general public are exposed to the communication of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) only via the media. This state of affairs is fairly typical around the globe. We explored the role and biases of the journalists in transmitting the SARB’s communications to the rationally inattentive general public. Our aim was to obtain insights about the factors that influence media articles that deal with monetary policy issues. Using interviews and qualitative content analysis, we explored the extent of the journalists’ knowledge about inflation and monetary policy, their views concerning the credibility of the SARB, the sources of information they use, and the constraints and incentives they face in writing their articles.  相似文献   
6.
In this article, we compare two kinds of environmental regulations—emissions taxes and green R&D subsidies—in private and mixed-duopoly markets in the presence of R&D spillovers. We show that a green R&D subsidy is better (worse) than an emissions tax when the green R&D is efficient (inefficient), irrespective of R&D spillovers, whereas the existence of a publicly owned firm encourages the government to adopt a subsidy policy. We also show that the optimal policy choice depends on R&D efficiency and spillovers. In particular, when green R&D is inefficient and the spillover rate is low (high), the government should choose an emissions tax and (not) privatize the state-owned firm. When green R&D is efficient, however, an R&D subsidy is better, but a privatization policy is not desirable for society, irrespective of spillovers.  相似文献   
7.
We investigate the impact of macroprudential policy on Irish households' perception of savings adequacy, with a particular focus on households intending to purchase a home. These measures tighten loan-to-value ratios and raise the entry cost for home purchase. We find that the measures have had a significant impact on savings constraints. Indeed, constrained potential buyers, who are planning to purchase, but not presently saving to buy a home, are the group most affected as the macroprudential rules increase the downpayment size required. Heterogeneous effects across households indicate younger, private renting households, and those with relatively uncertain cash flows.  相似文献   
8.
我国农作物秸秆综合利用产业促进政策研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
[目的]深入地分析了我国秸秆综合利用产业现行促进政策,阐述了存在的主要问题,并提出针对性解决方法,以期为促进秸秆综合利用政策体系建设提供政策建议。[方法]按照法律法规、目标引导和考核、财税补贴、技术研发和推广、信息统计等进行分类,综合评述各类现行政策的特点、使用范围和有效性,并采用相关者利益分析等方法分析存在问题,提出政策建议。[结果]随着我国秸秆露天焚烧问题日益突出,国家加大了对秸秆综合利用重视的程度,出台一系列关于秸秆综合利用等方面的法律、法规和激励政策等,初步构建了秸秆综合利用政策体系,呈现出聚焦关键环节、关键技术和重点地区的趋势。但是,还存在着政策的有效性有限,未形成合力; 农民参与度低; 使用环节缺乏激励政策等问题。[结论]建议出台区域生态补偿制度,落实耕地地力保护补贴政策,鼓励终端产品使用和消费等政策。  相似文献   
9.
The rise of early retirement in Europe is typically attributed to the European system of taxes and transfers. A model with an imperfectly competitive labor market allows us to consider also the effects of bargaining power and of matching efficiency on pre‐retirement. We find that lower bargaining power of workers and declining matching efficiency have been important determinants of early retirement in France and Germany. These structural changes, combined with early retirement transfers and population aging, are also consistent with the employment and unemployment rates, labor share and seniority premia.  相似文献   
10.
Increasing popularity of economic experiments for policy impact analysis has led to an on-going debate about the suitability of students to substitute professionals as experimental subjects. To date, subject pool effects in agricultural and resource economics experiments have not been sufficiently studied. In order to identify differences and similarities between students and non-students, we carry out an experiment in the form of a multi-period business management game that is adapted to an agri-environmental context. We compare the compliance behaviour of German agricultural students and German farmers with regard to water protection rules and analyse their responses to two different green nudge interventions. The experimental results reveal that the direction of the response to the policy treatments is similar. Even unexpected behaviour could be reproduced by the student sample. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the treatment effects differed between the two samples. This implies that experimenters in the field of agricultural and resource economics could use the subject pool of students to analyse the direction of nudge policies. If predictions should be made about the magnitude effects, we suggest using a professional subject pool.  相似文献   
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