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1.
Informal work is traditionally large in Russia and has further increased in the recent years. We explore the implications of this shift in terms of wage dynamics. Our characterization is based on the estimation of informal pay gaps at the mean and along the wage distribution, relying on the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2003–2017. Our approach comprises three original features: we rely on unconditional quantile effects of informality, we incorporate quantile-specific fixed effects using a tractable approach, and we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias. Over the whole period, informal wage penalties are relatively small and do not suggest heavily segmented labor markets, even at low wage levels. Yet, in the past decade, a substantial negative selection into informal employment and self-employment has taken place, on average and especially at low earnings. Economic downturns and labor market policies have likely contributed to the shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector, making the low-tier informal sector more of a last resort.  相似文献   
2.
Analyzing publicly traded stocks in Korea surrounding IFRS adoption in 2011, we find that the gap between stock price and firm value, value-to-price (V/P) ratio, narrows following the IFRS adoption and that this narrowed gap is observed only for higher V/P firms. We further find that the return predictability of V/P decreases in the post-IFRS period. Using a path analysis, we report further evidence that mandatory IFRS adoption decreases idiosyncratic volatility and improves trading volume and market liquidity, thereby contributing to the narrowed gap between value and price. We conclude that IFRS adoption contributes to resolution of Korea discount.  相似文献   
3.
当前我国居民消费不足的最主要原因在于居民收入水平不高、国民收入分配失衡,所以2018年个人所得税改革的重点是提高费用扣除标准、调整税率结构,降低纳税人负担,增加纳税人可支配收入,提高居民消费水平。要进一步促进居民消费,个人所得税有必要继续减税,同时进一步调节收入分配差距,使收入分配更加公平。具体对策包括:将专项附加扣除中的子女教育支出范围扩大为子女养育支出,增加家庭合并征税模式,费用扣除标准指数化动态调整,进一步优化税率结构,建立负所得税制度。  相似文献   
4.
工程总承包模式以设计与施工的高度融合,日益在建筑业受到青睐。但由于政府投资项目中存在有关结余资金上缴国库等规定,容易导致政府投资工程总承包项目下设计优化产生的成果是进行分成或作为结余资金上缴界定不清。鉴于此,本文通过政策文件,并结合政府投资项目特点,分析政府投资工程总承包项目设计优化的情形认定以及在不同结算依据和合同计价方式下设计优化收益归属的界定,为有效激励总承包单位积极进行设计优化奠定基础。  相似文献   
5.
经济的高质量发展需要社会保障体系的进一步完善,收入分配制度是影响经济发展水平与质量的重要因素,因此研究其三者之间关系对社会发展具有重要意义。文章基于2008—2018年安徽省面板数据,从收入分配的角度,采用非线性门槛模型研究经济发展对社会保障支出的影响机制。研究发现:经济发展水平与社会保障支出之间并不是简单的线性关系,收入分配程度使得经济发展水平对政府社会保障支出规模的作用路径呈现出非线性特征,即存在单门槛效应,且城乡收入不平等差距的缩小将有利于社会保障支出规模的提升。因此,政府应大力缩小收入差距,保障经济的高质量发展,扩大社会保障支出规模,完善社会保障制度。  相似文献   
6.
基于1990—2017年行业面板数据,采用超越对数生产函数对服务业各细分行业TFP增长率进行分解和测度,揭示我国服务业内部结构生产率演化进程及其异质性现象,并采用可导性对数方差分解法、VAR协整模型和误差修正模型(VECM)考察TFP及其构成部分对服务业行业发展差距的贡献度,评估其异质性作用于行业发展差距的长短期效应。研究发现,在服务业内部结构演化过程中,TFP、技术进步和技术效率改进呈逐步下降趋势,其中技术进步是推动TFP增长的核心,规模效率改进发展水平一直滞后,配置效率改进在服务业发展初期较为滞后,但水平逐步提升;生产性和生活性服务业行业间TFP及构成部分异质性在演化过程中呈下降趋势,且生活性服务业行业间异质性程度要小于生产性服务业,行业间异质性变化幅度最大的是规模效率改进,技术效率改进异质性波动程度最小;TFP异质性是造成行业间发展差距扩大的主要原因,其中技术效率改进是主导因素,且该效应的发挥只有在长期具有显著性。  相似文献   
7.
The value relevance of comprehensive income (CI) compared to net income (NI) remains unresolved. We look at this issue in the Canadian market, using association methods to determine the value relevance of reporting CI and other comprehensive income (OCI) components for stock prices and returns. The sample consists of all the firms in the S&P/TSX Composite Index that prepared their financial statements according to Canadian standards or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) over the 2008–2016 period. Although we find no evidence that CI is more value relevant than NI for stock prices and returns, we note that some OCI components are incrementally value relevant beyond NI for both amounts. In addition, financial services firms differ from other companies in terms of the relationships between some of their OCI components and prices or returns, with such firms even driving some relationships. Relationships between OCI components and prices or returns are also affected when data from the financial crisis period are excluded, with some relationships even changing after IFRS adoption. These results inform Canadian standard setters and financial statement users that OCI components are decision useful for the Canadian market.  相似文献   
8.
基于中国家庭金融调查2013—2017年面板数据,本文研究了互联网使用对我国家庭金融素养和金融决策的影响。本文借助2013年“宽带中国”战略实施带来的政策冲击构建工具变量,采用面板工具变量模型识别互联网使用的因果效应。研究发现,互联网使用促进了家庭对正规金融产品的投资,金融素养在二者之间发挥了显著的中介效应。互联网使用还有助于缩小我国城乡家庭在金融素养和金融决策方面的差距。本文为改善我国家庭金融素养和金融决策提供了启示。  相似文献   
9.
The establishment of the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2010, succeeded by the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015, constituted an important discontinuity in the development of post-Soviet regionalism: while the preceding organisations remained cases of ‘ink-on-paper’ regional integration, in the case of the Customs Union the members actually implemented their commitments. This creates an important theoretical challenge: the literature (which the previous experience of Eurasian regionalism was very much in line with) conjectures that authoritarian states are unable to successfully implement an economic regional integration agreement (RIA). The aim of the article is to explore the conditions under which implementation of economic RIAs by autocracies happens. We argue that the implementation is influenced by the extent of economic, social and political ties between member states, and suggest that, unlike democratic states, which are more likely to implement a RIA where there are strong economic ties, non-democracies are more likely to do so in the case of intermediate economic dependence.  相似文献   
10.
In the context of personal income tax (PIT) reform in China in 2018, this paper examines some of the major issues of concern regarding the reform and income distribution. Using the China Personal Income Tax Micro‐simulation model, the paper compares the differences between the 2011 and 2018 PIT systems, and finds that residents relying on different income sources may face a large degree of real tax rate change. Once the tax system is altered to PIT 2018, the coverage of PIT for wage earners will decrease from 46.9 to 23.4 percent, the income redistributive effect will drop from 1.95 to 1.22 percent and the PIT's role in fiscal revenue will also be negatively affected. Nevertheless, if individual income continues to grow, the share of PIT in fiscal revenue is expected to return to the 2018 level in 2022, but its income redistribution function is difficult to recover in the short term. The paper finds that the effect of PIT on income distribution depends on the tax structure. Gradual transition to an “entirely comprehensive” tax system when conditions are appropriate will achieve better income redistribution results at a lower average tax rate.  相似文献   
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