保定市主要作物需水量和缺水量特征分析

[目的]对作物需水量及缺水量的研究是了解和合理配置农业灌溉用水的基础,对提高农业用水效率有重大意义。[方法]选取河北省保定市为研究区域,利用Penman-Monteith公式和分段单值平均作物系数法对冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花的作物需水量和缺水量等指标进行计算,通过Mann-Kendall检验法对保定市近60年来的作物需水量和缺水量等的变化趋势进行分析。[结果]3种主要作物的需水量、有效降雨量和缺水量的最大值均出现在作物发育中期;其中除冬小麦的有效降雨量以0.208mm/10年的速率呈不显著性增长趋势外,其他作物的各指标变化则均呈减少趋势;从突变现象来看,夏玉米和棉花的各指标发生明显变化的时期相近,需水量出现明显拐点的时刻在2008年以后,有效降水量在1968年以前和2014年两个时期,缺水量分别在2011年和2012年。[结论]该研究结果为保定市乃至河北省的农作物灌溉效率的提高及水资源规划与管理的完善提供了理论依据,具有一定的现实意义。     

基于遥感蒸散数据的农田灌溉水平评价和设施建设分区研究

[目的]利用遥感蒸散数据快速评价农田年度灌溉水平,及时获取基本农田建设成效,为农田灌溉设施分区建设提供参考。[方法]以黑龙江省海伦市为研究区,MOD16蒸散产品为数据源,计算有效灌溉量、灌溉需水量和作物缺水指数,分别对研究区2013年的旱地和水田灌溉水平进行评价,并将评价结果与农田水利设施作用分值图进行叠加分析,在此基础上进行基本农田灌溉设施建设分区。[结果]2013年海伦市耕地灌溉水平整体较高,区域间建设水平差别较大,可划分为4个级别。其中1级和2级灌溉水平的地块面积比例可达78.06%,地域分布上看,北部、西部、中部乡镇灌溉水平较高,东南部乡镇灌溉水平相对较低。叠加得出8种组合类型,分为设施修建型、设施提升型和设施维护型3种分区类型。[结论]研究为高标准农田建设提供了更详细的农田灌溉水平评价方法和更具差别化的农田灌溉设施建设策略。     

The Effects of Search-Related and Purchase-Related Mobile App Additions on Retailers’ Shareholder Wealth: The Roles of Firm Size,Product Category,and Customer Segment

Mobile channel additions have been shown to increase consumer-brand relationships, brand satisfaction towards and overall purchasing from a retailer, but what is less apparent is whether shareholders are fully rewarded for retailers’ mobile channel additions. Results from an event study on 115 announcements relating to mobile app additions of publicly traded U.S. retail firms between 2009 and 2016 indicate that the stock market responds generally positively to mobile app additions, but specifically to the two mobile app addition types. Stock market responses to search-related and purchase-related app additions are moderated by firm size, product category, and target customer age. For announcements of search-related apps, the market responds more positively to product retailers than to service retailers, and to small firms than large ones. For announcements of purchase-related apps, the market responds less positively to firms that target younger customers than firms who do not especially target them.     

Sensitive Survey Questions: Measuring Attitudes Regarding Female Genital Cutting Through a List Experiment

Potential bias in survey responses is higher if sensitive outcomes are measured. This study analyses attitudes towards female genital cutting (FGC) in Ethiopia. A list experiment is designed to elicit truthful answers about FGC support and compares these outcomes with the answers given to a direct question. Our results confirm that the average bias is substantial as answers to direct questions underestimate the FGC support by about 10 percentage points. Moreover, our results provide suggestive but not statistically significant evidence that this bias is more pronounced among uneducated women and women targeted by an NGO intervention (not randomly assigned).     

Assessing models of individual equity option prices

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - This study sheds light on risk exposures of cooperative banks in Austria, Germany and Italy. We investigate how major risk elements of banks in these...     

Business model innovation: How the international retailers rebuild their core business logic in a new host country

Although research into the business model has received increasing attention, few studies have so far been conducted on business model innovation in an international context. The purpose of the study is to identify different patterns of business model innovation which enables international retailers to rebuild their core business logic in new host countries. On the basis of comparing and contrasting the business model changes of 15 international retailers from various home countries to one single host country (China), our study provides an in-depth understanding of business model innovation in the context of international business. By looking at the firms’ capabilities in rebuilding their core logic in the setting of a host country, we reveal six routes of retail business model innovation. Utilizing the lens of organizational learning theory and internationalization, we identify three patterns of resource deployment by international companies in the process of developing business model innovations. Our study, therefore, provides insights and guidance for multinational companies in general, international retailers in particular, as for how to successfully adapt their business model from home country to host country.     

基于球谐变换的无人机蜂群RCS快速分析算法

为了获取目标的雷达截面积(Radar Cross Section,RCS)，传统的方法是采用矩量法（Method of Moment,MOM）或多层快速多极子方法(Multi-level Fast Multipole Algorithm,MLFMA)，尽管对目标的RCS计算精确，但其要求计算机的存储量大且计算耗时。而对于由上百成千个小型无人机组成的无人机蜂群而言，若采用上述方法来计算其RCS，计算量巨大，甚至无法计算。针对上述问题，提出了采用球面波展开技术与球谐变换相结合的方法来提升对无人机蜂群RCS的仿真效率，其关键技术是通过改变球谐函数中的求和次序，利用快速傅里叶变换来计算偏心球面上离散点的电场分布。数值实例表明,相比于高精度的MLFMA，所提方法获取蜂群无人机RCS的结果与其吻合良好，但对计算机内存的需求远远小于MLFMA，且随着无人机数量的增加，其计算速度可提升几个数量级。     

我国耕地保护政策研究：基于背景、效果与未来趋势

［目的］我国耕地保护政策对保护耕地、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。研究我国耕地保护政策出台的背景及前后关系、相同政策在不同区域内的执行效果差异，能够为更针对性地提出政策建议提供参考。［方法］主要运用了资料分析和定性描述的方法，首先按照耕地保护政策内涵划分为5个阶段，其次从时间、空间两个尺度，判断了耕地保护政策的数量、质量保护效果差异，最后提出了未来政策出台的方向和趋势。［结果］时间尺度上：1986年、1997年、2004年出台的政策对耕地数量保护的成效明显； 2014—2016年耕地质量保护效果略优于2009—2014年； 目前数量保护成效较好，但质量保护远未达到要求。空间尺度上：耕地数量保护效果西部地区最好，东北地区次之，中部地区优于东部地区； 耕地质量保护效果中部地区最佳，东北地区次之，东部地区优于西部地区。［结论］未来政策可向规范补充耕地全国统筹、完善耕地质量保护法律体系、调动农户保护耕地积极性等方向发展。     

Executive Compensation and Financial Performance Measures: Evidence from Significant Financial Institutions

We survey the use of financial performance measures in determining executive pay among significant Australian financial institutions. We document evidence of the pervasiveness with which externally disclosed non‐GAAP (non‐Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) financial measures are also used internally to determine variable remuneration, with the apparent popularity of cash profit after tax in short‐term incentives plans. Our evidence also highlights the increasing use of peer group‐adjusted measures (e.g., relative cash earnings per share and return on equity ranking against a peer group) in determining longer‐run incentives, despite the fact that members of the peer group do not measure financial performance in a directly comparable manner. Detailed analysis of the four major trading banks (Australia and New Zealand Banking Group, Commonwealth Bank, National Australia Bank and Westpac) reveals differences in the way non‐GAAP earnings measures are calculated across the major banks, as well as some variation over time in the way individual banks measure performance. We also document evidence of non‐GAAP earnings restatements, with around 25% of non‐GAAP results subsequently being restated. These restatements are more likely to result in a downward revision of the initially reported non‐GAAP result than an upward revision. We therefore conclude that existing measures of financial performance used to determine senior executive compensation are not as ‘objective’, as might be assumed.