2004年中国手机产品进出口分析

2004年以来,中国电子信息产品进出口贸易顺差进一步扩大,电子信息产品出口继续保持快速增长。信息产业部数据显示,2004年全年,电子信息产品出口达到2000亿美元,占全国外贸出口的34％,对外贸出口的贡献率达到44％,我国电子信息产业综合实力进一步增强。2004年国际手机制造业发展表现出持续强劲的势头;全球手机产量逾6.7亿部,同比增速超过26％。伴随全球需求持续增长和更新换代加剧,2004年中国手机产量达到2.3亿部,拥有全球手机产量34％份额的中国已经成为全球最重要的手机生产中心。2004年国际手机巨头和国产手机企业的生产规模都不断扩大,国内手机产能逐年增长,我国手机及套件产品出口额成倍增长,手机进出口贸易顺差扩大趋势日益增强。手机及套件产品已成为我国高新技术产品进出口的主力军。由于国内手机市场空间的压缩,必然造成全年手机内销压力增大和库存的增加,同时国外市场需求的增长也为手机出口打开了巨大的空间。     

对"核心竞争力"理论的冷思考

美国名经济学家普拉哈拉德等人通过研究日本优秀企业强大竞争力来源而提出的“核心竞争力”理论，在发达国家经济学界和企业界曾引起巨大的震动，近年来在我国也掀起了研究热潮。但最近美国新经济的发展和日本企业的衰落表明该理论并非普遍适用，对其需要再认识。     

Gender,generation and sustainable consumption: Exploring the behaviour of consumers from Izmir,Turkey

This study investigates the relationship between consumers’ sustainable consumption behaviour and both gender and generation‐related individual differences in a sample of Turkish consumers. A total of 393 participants from different generations and gender took part in the study. To measure sustainable consumption behaviour, we used four‐dimensional sustainable consumption behaviour scale. The results showed that generation is associated with unneeded consumption as a dimension of sustainable consumption behaviour. Consumers who are Baby Boomers found to have the highest level of unneeded consumption behaviour while Gen‐Zers have fewest. Additionally, data supported the association between gender and sustainable consumption behaviour. Women showed a higher level of sustainable consumption behaviour both in overall behaviour and tendency to reuse products. Taken together, the findings suggest that gender and generation of consumers can differentiate sustainable consumption behaviour. The implications of these findings, as well as the limitations and future directions, are also discussed.     

Using customer lifetime value to plan optimal promotions

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to guide managers in determining the optimal promotion campaigns to be directed towards different market segments in order to maximize the value of customers. For the purposes of this study, a two-step methodology is used, based on stochastic dynamic programming and the classification and regression tree. This methodology groups the customers according to their value. Within this framework, an experiment is conducted in which each of the different promotion campaigns is assigned to different randomly selected groups. The impact of each type of promotion on each type of market segment is analysed in order to find the optimal promotion campaigns appropriate for each. In contrast to previous research, this study takes into account a firm that provides more than one specific type of product or service. In addition, it analyses the impact of widely used types of promotion campaigns compared with the narrow scope of those investigated in previous studies. Therefore, this research presents important insights into managing relations with the customers in a more interactive and profitable way.     

满意度研究的木桶理论及应用

一、笔对满意度的理解 1．定义：用户（客户）实际感受（感知）到供应商（企业）提供产品和服务达到用户（客户）期望得到产品和服务的程度。     

A new perspective on the competitiveness of nations

The capability of firms to survive and to have a competitive advantage in global markets depends on, amongst other things, the efficiency of public institutions, the excellence of educational, health and communications infrastructures, as well as on the political and economic stability of their home country. The measurement of competitiveness and strategy development is thus an important issue for policy-makers. Despite many attempts to provide objectivity in the development of measures of national competitiveness, there are inherently subjective judgments that involve, for example, how data sets are aggregated and importance weights are applied. Generally, either equal weighting is assumed in calculating a final index, or subjective weights are specified. The same problem also occurs in the subjective assignment of countries to different clusters. Developed as such, the value of these type indices may be questioned by users. The aim of this paper is to explore methodological transparency as a viable solution to problems created by existing aggregated indices. For this purpose, a methodology composed of three steps is proposed. To start, a hierarchical clustering analysis is used to assign countries to appropriate clusters. In current methods, country clustering is generally based on GDP. However, we suggest that GDP alone is insufficient for purposes of country clustering. In the proposed methodology, 178 criteria are used for this purpose. Next, relationships between the criteria and classification of the countries are determined using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANN provides an objective method for determining the attribute/criteria weights, which are, for the most part, subjectively specified in existing methods. Finally, in our third step, the countries of interest are ranked based on weights generated in the previous step. Beyond the ranking of countries, the proposed methodology can also be used to identify those attributes that a given country should focus on in order to improve its position relative to other countries, i.e., to transition from its current cluster to the next higher one.     

基于三维距离的省域创新绩效空间溢出效应研究

运用空间计量模型对2010-2019年28个省份面板数据实证分析,研究省际创新绩效溢出效应空间格局,分析三维距离对省域创新绩效空间溢出影响,探索通过区域创新能力构建促进创新强省创新绩效正向空间溢出效应。研究发现：省域创新绩效由低向高增长阶段对邻近省域产生回流效应;在高位增长阶段,对空间邻接和地理距离邻近、经济水平差距大的省域具有回流效应;对空间邻接、地理距离邻近和经济距离邻近省域产生正向空间溢出效应。经济发展水平越接近,原始创新力对区域创新绩效溢出效应的促进越明显,且呈倒U型曲线趋势;经济水平差距是技术创新力直接效应与间接效应差距的关键因素;空间邻接和地理距离邻近是成果转化力空间正向溢出的关键因素。     

The competitiveness of nations and implications for human development

Human development should be the ultimate objective of human activity, its aim being healthier, longer, and fuller lives. Thus, if the competitiveness of a nation is properly managed, enhanced human welfare should be the key expected consequence. The research described here explores the relationship between the competitiveness of a nation and its implications for human development. For this purpose, 45 countries were evaluated initially using data envelopment analysis. In this stage, global competitiveness indicators were taken as input variables with human development index indicators as output variables. Subsequently, an artificial neural network analysis was conducted to identify those factors having the greatest impact on efficiency scores.     

The Effects of Ethical Climates on Bullying Behaviour in the Workplace

Various aspects of the relationship between ethical climate types and organizational commitment have been examined, although a relationship with the concept of bullying, which may be very detrimental to an organization, has not attracted significant attention. This study contributes to the existing research by taking the effects of bullying behaviour into consideration. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of bullying behaviour upon the relationship between ethical climate types and organizational commitment. It will be noted that work-related bullying behaviour significantly mediated the relationship between instrumentality climate and two of the dimensions of organizational commitment. Significant relationships between ethical climate dimensions and organizational commitment can also be detected. By emphasizing a required ethical climate dimension for organizations this study therefore presents in outline a partial strategy to reduce bullying behaviour and to increase organizational commitment.     

Advances in random utility models report of the workshop on advances in random utility models duke invitational symposium on choice modeling behavior

In recent years, major advances have taken place in three areas of random utility modeling: (1) semiparametric estimation, (2) computational methods for multinomial probit models, and (3) computational methods for Bayesian estimation. This paper summarizes these developments and discusses their implications for practice.