近10年国外远程办公研究进展与本土化启示——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

新冠肺炎疫情严重影响了企业经营活动，但在一定程度上也推动了远程办公这种新型工作方式。为探究该领域研究进展，收集近10年Web of Science（科学引文索引）数据库中收录的“远程办公”或“线上办公”为主题的242篇核心文献，通过文献计量软件CiteSpace分析国外远程办公研究文献间的关联关系，探寻国外远程办公领域的发展脉络和研究前沿。在此基础上，对近10年国内中国知网数据库20篇中文核心文献进行综述，希望为未来国内远程办公的本土化研究提供参考。     

“Data localization”: The internet in the balance

There is a steady global trend towards “Data Localization,” laws by which data is required to be maintained and processed within the geographic boundaries of its state of origin. This development has raised concerns about its possible adverse impacts on emerging data-intensive technologies such as Cloud services/E-commerce, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things (collectively, the Embedded Infosphere). The inability to reach an international agreement on rules for cross-border data flows may have significant adverse consequences for all future users of the Internet.The basis of Data Localization is grounded in two distinct but inter-related policy models: Data Sovereignty and Trans-Border Data Flows. These two concepts have different origins. “Data Sovereignty” is derived from the historic power of a state of absolute and exclusive control within its geographic borders. Policies behind TBDFs arose in Europe following World War II, primarily motivated by Nazi use of early proto-computers to help round up Jews and others. As they have evolved, TBDF policies have been directed primarily at protecting personal data and privacy.This article first examines the issues of: 1) “Information Sovereignty” and 2) TBDFs. It then describes the arguments for and against “Data Localization,” offers some examples of strong localization policies (Russia, China), and summarizes contesting policy proposals. It then contextualizes TBDF with issues of human rights (free flow of information) and privacy.While the utility of an international agreement on TBDFs is clear, the differences in approaches are tenacious. For the free-market developed world (e.g, EU, OECD), the path forward seems to lead through policy convergence to compatible rules, with differentiated levels of data protection and accountability. It is far from clear whether these rules will address, in a mandatory way, issues of the “free flow” of information in the human rights sense. At the same time, there are countries (e.g., BRICS), representing a majority of the world's population, in which political and cultural resistance will produce stringent Cyber Sovereignty and Data Localization policies with few if any human rights components.The article concludes that the more the Internet is “localized”, the more attenuated its benefits will become. The negative consequences of Data Localization will become increasingly obvious as new, data-intensive technologies become ubiquitous, creating a condition of “Data Dependence”. It is projected that in the future the nations with the least amount of Data Localization and the most open flow of information will be the most successful in benefiting from new data-intensive embedded, networked technologies. This will most likely be characterized by values adopted as policies and practices in the EU.     

Equally Weighted Strategic Allocation and Balanced Funds in Brazil

This article analyzes equally weighted strategic asset allocation portfolios in Brazil between 2004 and 2016 and shows that their average returns are not always statistically greater than those of balanced funds, with significance changing in sub-periods. Fixed-income portfolios frequently outperform balanced funds, whose active management underperforms their declared benchmark portfolios. Balanced funds underperformed probably because they deviated from their investment policy. Transaction costs and other rebalancing frequencies do not change the conclusions. Robustness tests indicate that this evidence is valid out-of-the-sample. Investors can mimic balanced-fund policy and possibly do better by means of indexing according to this policy.     

渠道合作情境下合同双元功能对主动和被动投机行为的影响差异研究

基于交易成本理论，在渠道合作情境下，以制造商的合同监督和企业间联合行动为工具测量合同治理的保障功能和协作功能，探讨二者对经销商主动投机行为和被动投机行为的影响差异。通过对512份问卷数据的统计分析，得到以下结论：第一，合同监督有助于抑制经销商的主动投机行为，但对其被动投机行为的影响不显著；第二，企业间联合行动有助于抑制经销商的被动投机行为，但对其主动投机行为的影响不显著；第三，经销商的主动投机行为和被动投机行为均会负向影响合作绩效；第四，经销商的主动投机行为中介合同监督对合作绩效的正向影响，被动投机行为中介企业间联合行动对合作绩效的正向影响。     

采用目标假设的三被动式传感器数据关联算法

被动式传感器目标跟踪是多传感器多目标跟踪领域的一个重要研究方向。针对三被动式传感器多目标定位系统全局最优数据关联的三维分配问题，在允许传感器漏检和虚警的情况下，通过分析拉格朗日松弛算法，提出一种假定真实目标的快速收敛算法。该算法通过粗关联假定真实目标并重新修改代价矩阵，然后进行细关联，使得拉格朗日松弛算法在保证关联精度的前提下有效地提高了收敛速度。理论分析和实验结果表明，该算法提高了数据关联的速度,并在一定程度上提高了关联准确率。     

基于责任定位法的工业用地集约利用绩效评价 ——以江苏省盐城市为例

研究目的:通过编制盐都区工业用地绩效编码,分析绩效编码的含义对工业用地集约利用现状的解释能力,验证责任定位法是一个科学实用的绩效评价方法。研究方法:归纳分析法和实证检验法。研究结果:(1)责任定位法中每个指标代码能够真实反应相应评价指标的绩效等级,不涉及权重和综合得分问题,克服了综合评分法评价结果可比性低的特点。(2)绩效编码能够客观直观地衡量工业用地的集约利用效果,其含义与原始数据所反映的用地绩效情况相符。研究结论:(1)责任定位法具有科学性,绩效编码没有歪曲、偏离宗地绩效的实际情况。(2)责任定位法给出的宗地绩效信息具有实际使用价值,可以反应宗地绩效高低的直接原因,指导企业和管理部门采取相应措施提升用地绩效或清退低效用地。     

Overcoming localization of knowledge — the role of professional service firms

The literature on organizational learning asserts that external learning is often limited geographically and technologically. We scrutinize to what extent organizations acquire external knowledge by accessing external knowledge repositories. We argue that professional service firms (PSFs) grant access to nonlocalized knowledge repositories and thereby not only facilitate external learning but also help to overcome localization. Focusing on patent law firms, we test our predictions using a unique dataset of 544,820 pairs of European patent applications. Analyzing patterns of knowledge flows captured in patent citations, we find that accessing a PSF's repository facilitates the acquisition of external knowledge. As the effect is more pronounced for knowledge that is distant to a focal organization, we conclude that having access to a knowledge repository compensates for localization disadvantages. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高等旅游教育的国际化与属地化——对比中日旅游教育

旅游教育要国际化已经成为业界人士的共识 ,与国际接轨的呼声此起彼伏 ,然而在现行的旅游教育中还存在一些有悖于国际旅游教育发展趋势的东西 ;同时 ,旅游教育的属地化却处于低调。本文在罗列问题的前提下 ,围绕着旅游教育的“国际化”与“属地化”这一耦合主题关系进行讨论 ,力图明晰一些论点。     

集聚经济、创新溢出与区域创新绩效

推动经济增长的主导因素由传统的劳动力、资本积累向创新要素数量与网络化程度转变。从来源看,区域创新源于区内自主创新与区外创新溢出。区域自主创新能力直接受创新要素禀赋条件的影响,集聚经济因素通过空间外部性作用直接影响区域创新要素集聚能力与水平。同时区域经济发展过程中形成的空间依赖产生区间创新溢出;对外开放过程中产生创新的国际溢出,都对区域创新绩效产生重要影响。实证分析结果表明,从整体上看,集聚经济与创新溢出皆对区域创新绩效有显著影响。因此,应通过强化集聚经济效应,构建开放式创新环境,提高吸收能力以充分利用创新溢出效应,并促进企业价值网与区域创新网“两网合一”,降低交易成本,不断提升区域创新绩效。     

超临界350MW电厂四大管道国产化应用分析

目前超临界机组四大管道采用进口产品带来的一系列问题,如价格昂贵,采购周期长,管道制造过程质量无法监督控制,造成电厂基建费用增加,建设周期长,现场安装前检验发现诸多质量缺陷等。通过对国内钢厂所生产的四大管道化学成分、性能指标分析及调研已应用国产化四大管道情况,为某350MW电厂机组四大管道国产化提出建议。