土地市场扭曲如何影响制造业出口产品质量升级*——基于土地市场交易数据和制造业企业数据的实证分析

地方政府“以地谋发展”的策略在促进各地区制造业大规模集聚和出口贸易快速增长的同时，也势必会给企业出口产品质量带来深刻影响。本文综合利用中国土地市场网城市土地交易数据、中国工业企业数据、中国海关进出口产品数据和中国城市面板数据，实证检验了土地市场扭曲对企业出口产品质量升级的影响，并对其内在机制进行了探讨。研究发现：中国城市建设用地配置存在明显的工业偏向性，进而导致工业用地价格被低估，产生工业用地应得收益大于实际价格的反向扭曲问题。这种反向扭曲可通过抑制技术进步、阻碍产业结构高级化、弱化集聚经济效应等机制显著降低制造业企业出口产品质量。土地市场扭曲对企业出口产品质量升级的影响具有明显的异质性特征。具体而言，土地市场扭曲不利于一般贸易企业与混合贸易企业出口产品质量提升，但对加工贸易企业出口产品质量提升具有促进作用。土地市场扭曲对企业出口产品质量升级的抑制作用由东到西依次递增。土地市场扭曲不利于外资企业和国有企业出口产品质量提升，对集体企业及民营企业的影响不显著。     

Does local government competition aggravate haze pollution? A new perspective of factor market distortion

Haze pollution has become a new threat to China's sustainable development, but it may be that local government behaviour can play an important role in the prevention and control of pollutants. A dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is used to study the relationship between local government competition and haze pollution. To further explore the indirect impact of factor market distortion on haze pollution and control potential endogeneity problems, a newly developed intermediary effect model that incorporates the characteristics of the generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to explore how factor market distortion indirectly affects haze pollution. The research results show that regional haze pollution in China is characterized by significant spatial correlation, and local government competition has a positive impact on haze pollution; that is, local government competition exacerbates haze pollution. In general, local government competition not only directly leads to an increase in haze pollution but also further intensifies it by distorting the local factor market, and the intermediary role of factor market distortion is approximately 7.04%. The results of the regional inspection found that competition among local governments in the eastern region did not lead to haze pollution, and distortion of the factor market did not exist as an intermediary effect. However, both direct and intermediary effects are significant in the central and western regions. Therefore, an official performance appraisal system that includes ecological constraints should be established to guide the benign transformation of local government competition, and an environmental management mechanism must be developed for joint prevention and control to reduce haze pollution. In addition, the free flow of factors and marketization are equally important.     

Investment dynamics and capital distortion: State and non-state firms in China

This paper studies investment dynamics in Chinese manufacturing firms. The analysis estimates capital adjustment costs and uncovers capital distortion in state and non-state firms. There is strong evidence of quadratic adjustment cost and distortion in capital price for both types of firms. The capital distortion is a major source of capital misallocation in Chinese firms. Completely removing the distortion would increase aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) by 18–29%.     

混合所有制改革是否有助于缓解人力资本配置扭曲

将人力资本在所有制企业间的配置扭曲（错配）理解为技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲两个方面，基于1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库的相关数据，探讨国有企业混合所有制改革影响人力资本配置扭曲的内生机理，结果表明：混合所有制改革鼓励非国有资本通过参股、控股和并购等方式参与到国有企业的生产决策中，这有助于完善国有企业的公司治理结构和利润分配机制，进一步缓解人力资本的技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲程度；相对于非行政垄断行业，行政垄断行业中国有企业混合所有制改革对于人力资本配置扭曲的缓解作用较小。     

Optimal insurance in the presence of reinsurance

This paper studies an optimal insurance and reinsurance design problem among three agents: policyholder, insurer, and reinsurer. We assume that the preferences of the parties are given by distortion risk measures, which are equivalent to dual utilities. By maximizing the dual utility of the insurer and jointly solving the optimal insurance and reinsurance contracts, it is found that a layering insurance is optimal, with every layer being borne by one of the three agents. We also show that reinsurance encourages more insurance, and is welfare improving for the economy. Furthermore, it is optimal for the insurer to charge the maximum acceptable insurance premium to the policyholder. This paper also considers three other variants of the optimal insurance/reinsurance models. The first two variants impose a limit on the reinsurance premium so as to prevent insurer to reinsure all its risk. An optimal solution is still layering insurance, though the insurer will have to retain higher risk. Finally, we study the effect of competition by permitting the policyholder to insure its risk with an insurer, a reinsurer, or both. The competition from the reinsurer dampens the price at which an insurer could charge to the policyholder, although the optimal indemnities remain the same as the baseline model. The reinsurer will however not trade with the policyholder in this optimal solution.     

浅论全面建成小康社会视域下的协调发展

协调发展观点作为整体发展思想的一部分由来已久,随着经济社会的发展,对于协调的重视程度也在不断加深。目前进入全面建成小康社会的决胜时期,作为全面小康题中应有之义的协调更是内涵丰富,意义重大,是建成全面小康的重要组成部分。它不仅包涵人与自然、区域、城乡的协调发展,还包括物质与精神两大文明、经济社会和国防领域间的协同发展。必须坚持把协调发展贯穿于发展各方面、全过程,才能使协调发展理念在促进新时代经济社会发展,做好全面小康这篇大文章上发挥出其时代价值。     

浅谈上市公司会计信息披露存在的问题及对策

我国证券市场尚处于逐步发展完善阶段,虽然建立了一些上市公司会计信息披露制度,但还不够健全,存在问题很多,这不利于其健康发展。本文针对上市公司会计信息披露制度中存在的问题,提出了一些对策,进而提高会计信息披露的质量。     

Does china income FSDs follow Benford? A comparison between Chinese income first significant digit distribution with Benford distribution

Since Benford’s law is an empirical phenomenon that occurs in a range of data sets, this raises the question as to whether or not the same thing might be true in terms of the Chinese income distribution data. We focus on the first significant digit (FSD) distribution of Chinese micro income data from the 2005 Inter-Census sample, which corresponds to 1% of Chinese population and other micro income data from the China family panel studies (CFPS) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS). We use information theoretic-entropy based methods to investigate the degree to which Benford’s FSD law is consistent with the FSD of Chinese income data and our findings suggest consistency between the Chinese FSD income distribution and Benford’s distribution. The close connection between the two distributions has implications for the quality of the sample of Chinese micro data.     

商界小说研究的力作——评杨虹的《叛逆与超越——近二十年中国商界小说的文化阐释》

《叛逆与超越》对近20年商界小说的成就与局限,从发生学、本体论、谱系学尤其是文化诗学的角度,通过挖掘与梳理大量的史料来透视商界小说的现代性品格。作者跳出传统审美批评的窠臼,立足文化批评,对商界小说进行多维度的研讨与透视,为我们带来了商界小说研究的重大进展。     

四川省农村区域经济差异分析

由于国家政策和地理位置等方面原因,我国各省区的农村区域经济发展存在较大差异,严重影响了全面小康社会的建设步伐。文章以四川省21个地级农村区域经济差异为研究对象,通过文献分析和建立数学模型的研究方法,对四川省农村区域经济差异的显著性进行分析,结果表明:(1)四川省农村区域经济存在一定差异,其中经济发展较快的城市为成都市、绵阳市。(2)对四川省区域经济发展测算得出:2010~2014年期间,区域三内部差异的波动幅度较大,范围在0.14~0.01之间,说明经济发展潜力较大。区域二内部差异呈"降低—增高—降低"的趋势,经济发展潜力一般;区域一由于地理位置和气候资源等因素限制,经济发展较慢。该研究为四川省农村区域经济的均衡发展提供理论参考。