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1.
We study a location-allocation-routing problem for distribution of the injured in a disaster response scenario, considering a three-type transportation network with separate links. A circle-based approach to estimate the impacts of the disaster is presented. After formulating relations for computing the percentage of the injured, the destruction percentage and the damage-dependent travel times, the problem is formulated as an integer nonlinear program. We utilize a genetic algorithm and a discrete version of the imperialist competitive algorithm for solving large problems. An empirical study focused on earthquakes in Tabriz, Iran, illustrates applicability of the proposed model and performance of the proposed algorithms.  相似文献   
2.
文章基于委托代理理论,从实际控制人监督职能角度,研究实际控制人同时控股多家上市公司,对管理者超额在职消费的影响。研究发现,当上市公司所属实际控制人同时控股多家上市公司时,其超额在职消费水平显著高于其它上市公司。进一步研究表明,产权性质和外部治理环境能够对二者关系产生显著影响:民营企业和分析师关注度较高企业,控股多家上市公司对其超额在职消费不存在显著影响;媒体监督较高企业和十八大之后,控股多家上市公司对其超额在职消费的促进作用受到显著抑制。文章研究不仅丰富了实际控制人监督和超额在职消费领域的相关文献,同时对实际控制人如何有效治理公司具有重要的实践意义。  相似文献   
3.
Advance selling is a marketing strategy commonly used by online retailers to increase sales by exploiting consumer valuation uncertainty. Recently, some online retailers have started to allow refunds on products sold in advance. On the one hand this reduces the net advance sales, but on the other hand it allows a higher advance sales price. This research is the first to explore the overall effect of allowing a refund on profits from advance sales, identifying conditions where advance selling with or without refunds (or no advance selling at all) is best. We analytically compare the profits of three advance selling strategies: none, without refund, and with refund. We show that selling in advance and allowing a refund is optimal for products with a relatively small profit margin and small strategic market size, and that the added profit can be considerable. Our results guide managers in selecting the right advance selling strategy. To facilitate this, we graphically display, based on the two dimensions of regular profit margin and strategic market size, under what conditions the different strategies are optimal.  相似文献   
4.
Applied research is a course that has been taught to develop and effectively assess critical thinking skills in marketing students. A modified version of the problem-solving model using explicit problem-solving processes is employed in the design of course material and delivery. Assessment data support students’ ability to critically think at both lower and higher levels. Assignments include creative and timely experiential exercises to reinforce important marketing concepts, encourage student interest, and develop critical thinking skills.  相似文献   
5.
We study individually rational rules to be used to allot, among a group of agents, a perfectly divisible good that is freely available only in whole units. A rule is individually rational if, at each preference profile, each agent finds that her allotment is at least as good as any whole unit of the good. We study and characterize two individually rational and efficient families of rules, whenever agents' preferences are symmetric single-peaked on the set of possible allotments. Rules in the two families are in addition envy-free, but they differ on whether envy-freeness is considered on losses or on awards. Our main result states that (a) the family of constrained equal losses rules coincides with the class of all individually rational and efficient rules that satisfy justified envy-freeness on losses and (b) the family of constrained equal awards rules coincides with the class of all individually rational and efficient rules that satisfy envy-freeness on awards.  相似文献   
6.
We study the optimal execution problem with multiplicative price impact in algorithmic trading, when an agent holds an initial position of shares of a financial asset. The interselling decision times are modeled by the arrival times of a Poisson process. The criterion to be optimized consists in maximizing the expected net present value of the gains of the agent, and it is proved that an optimal strategy has a barrier form, depending only on the number of shares left and the level of the asset price.  相似文献   
7.
资源环境承载力评价与国土空间规划的逻辑问题   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
研究目的:面向国土空间规划,探讨资源环境承载力的理论内涵,揭示资源环境承载力评价模式与国土空间规划的逻辑问题。研究方法:理论分析法和归纳演绎法。研究结果:(1)资源环境承载力可以由自然系统的承载力、来自人类社会经济活动的压力以及由于管理及技术进步所产生的润滑力3个力构成;(2)资源环境承载力内涵可以解构为资源的承载功能、环境要素的容纳功能以及生态要素的服务功能3个层次;(3)国土空间规划的主要目标是优化空间开发与保护的关系,对资源环境承载力评价的核心需求是摸清资源环境本底条件、科学评判当前承载压力的大小等;(4)面向国土空间规划,资源环境承载力评价存在4个方面的逻辑问题:资源环境承载压力、能力与潜力之间的逻辑不清,生态要素承载力判断的逻辑缺乏,"木桶原理"复合思路与适宜性评价的逻辑矛盾,面向过去原则与面向未来预警之间的逻辑问题。研究结论:资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划的基础,只有明确评价对象,厘清评价中的逻辑问题,同时满足评价方案的科学性与实用性,才能为国土空间规划提供有效的决策支撑。  相似文献   
8.
Are low wages a way for the unemployed to switch to higher-paying jobs? Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the labour market dynamics of unemployed, low-paid and higher-paid employed men are analysed. Moreover, the respective (un)employment duration and occupational skill level are accounted for. Results show that in general low wages significantly reduce the risk of future unemployment and increase the chances of ascending the salary ladder, especially in the case of long-term unemployment (>360 days). Furthermore, the occupational skill level has a substantial influence on the upward mobility of low-paid jobs: individuals working in the initial period in a low-paid and higher-skilled occupation have on average an 11 percentage points higher probability of entering higher pay compared to when working in a low-paid and low-skilled occupation.  相似文献   
9.
This study investigates the operating performance of firms listed on the Taiwan stock exchange following the initial resignation of independent directors. The results show that the firms’ operating performance following the resignation of these directors has not only deteriorated, but is also significantly below the industry average. In addition, firms with a relatively severe agency problem, including firms that have lower insider or institutional shareholdings, receive audit opinions other than unqualified opinions or change their auditors prior to the resignation of the independent directors, tend to perform more poorly following the resignation.  相似文献   
10.
Some agents are more accurate than others in estimating the best policy. The more accurately an agent estimates a policy's effects, the more he will resist biases, such as bribes from a special interest. Thus, a special interest needs to pay a larger bribe to an accurate agent than to an inaccurate agent. The accurate agent who is biased will then more likely cause harm than does an inaccurate agent who favors the special interest. Therefore, the principal may gain more from controlling biases of an accurate agent than of an inaccurate one. Thus, high ability of public officials may be associated with little corruption.  相似文献   
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