自然风险对农户技术采用行为的影响——以荔枝为例

[目的]由于近年来台风灾害、高温干旱、低温冷害、阴雨天等异常气候对荔枝产量、品质造成了不可低估的损失,有必要研究农户荔枝生产中应对自然灾害的防灾减灾技术的采用情况及其影响因素.[方法]通过对荔枝主产区广东、广西、海南的257荔枝种植户的入户调查,运用二元选择模型实证分析自然风险对农户采用荔枝间伐、高接换种、水肥药一体化技术行为的影响.[结果]农户间伐技术采用率最高,其次为高接换种技术,水肥药一体化技术采用率最低;广东省一半以上的农户采用了间伐技术,广西间伐技术采用率次之为39.0%,而海南省仅15.2%的农户实施了间伐;广西一半以上的农户采用了高接换种技术,而广东省采用率为34.0%,海南省农户基本没有采用高接换种技术;水肥药一体化技术采用率由高到低依次为广东、海南、广西.[结论]是否受灾与影响农户是否采用高接换种技术显著正相关;受灾减产比例与农户是否采用间伐技术、高接换种技术呈反比;地区虚拟变量与农户是否采用间伐技术、水肥药一体化技术显著负相关.  

生态认知、信息传递与农户生态耕种采纳行为

研究目的:探讨生态认知和信息传递对农户生态耕种采纳行为的影响规律,为制定农户生态耕种行为的激励政策提供参考。研究方法:实证研究法、熵值法和Tobit模型。研究结果:(1)正确的生态认知可以促进农户生态耕种采纳行为;(2)信息传递对农户生态耕种采纳行为具有明显的影响,经常和亲朋好友或农户就农业生产进行交流、获取生态耕种信息越容易、家到县城的距离越近的农户,其采纳生态耕种行为的可能性越大;(3)资源禀赋对农户生态耕种采纳行为也具有重要影响,年龄低、文化程度高、具有非农谋生手艺、家庭抚养系数小、农业收入比大的农户,其采纳生态耕种行为的可能性更大。研究结论:加强生态知识科普,提升农户生态认知水平;畅通生态耕种相关信息的传递,提高农户获取生态耕种技术的便利度;加大农村教育投入,培育现代农业经营主体。  

What farmers want: the “gustibus multiplier” and other behavioral insights on agricultural development

Behavioral economic experiments have not only identified realms where human behavior systematically deviates from the predictions of the standard neoclassical model, they have also devised way to measure individuals’ deep preferences concerning risk and time. Preference measurement has in turn opened the door to two area of inquiries: preference heterogeneity as an explanation of fundamental choices concerning savings and investment; and endogenous preference mutations as an explanation for the surprising success or failure of policies and interventions. These new insights and measures allow economics to expand beyond its traditional reliance on variation in prices and incomes as the primary explanators of economic behavior. Drawing on recent work on technology adoption in the face of risk and uncertainty, as well as work on the evolution of hope and aspirations that shape what farmers want, this article articulates frontier issues in agricultural development economics where the tools and perspectives of behavioral economics promise new and important insights.