Rural light pollution from shale gas development and associated sleep and subjective well-being

The shale oil and gas boom has had large economic, environmental, and social impacts on rural communities in the United States. This study provides novel estimates of the impacts of shale oil and gas development on light pollution in rural areas of the United States. Using nationwide, time-calibrated DMSP-OLS database from 2000 to 2012, we find robust evidence that the shale oil and gas boom significantly increased light pollution in rural areas. We then assess associations between horizontal drilling and subjective self-rated health using nationwide data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2000 to 2012. Our findings suggest that insufficient sleep and poor health (physical or mental) are associated with increased drilling in rural areas. These results provide support for drilling-related light pollution as an additional environmental pathway of concern for public health beyond the mechanisms of air or water pollution.     

薪酬福利对中小企业人力资源的影响研究

为响应大众创业的号召,我国中小企业不断发展,为社会提供就业岗位也为经济发展添砖加瓦。然而,在市场竞争压力不断增强的当下,中小企业要重视推进人力资源管理质量提升。通过薪酬福利的有效应用来激发工作人员的工作积极性和创造力,以此为中小企业的发展贡献出更高水平的价值。本文在分析中小企业薪酬福利现状的同时,提出相关对策思考。     

基于AHP-TOPSIS模型的京津冀家政服务人力资源供给质量评价研究

依托已有的研究成果构建了家政服务人力资源供给质量评价指标体系,利用AHP-TOPSIS模型对京津冀家政服务人力资源供给质量进行了评价和排名,并使用障碍度模型分析了员工制、准员工制、培训学校、中介制四种类型家政机构人力资源供给质量的关键制约因素,在此基础上,给出了不同类型家政机构人力资源供给质量改善的针对性建议,为家政服务人力资源供给质量的改善提供参考依据。     

我国自然资源“十三五”规划评估实践探索

自然资源规划评估在实践探索中形成了一套“三期十步法”的评估模式。文章以总结国内外规划评估经验为基础,具体阐述自然资源“十三五”规划评估开展的基本内容和任务,并结合实践中存在的突出问题,提出完善“十四五”规划评估的建议:一是推动自然资源规划评估标准化建设;二是构建完善的评估数据信息系统;三是建立良好的评估运行监测机制;四是加大规划评估的宣传引导。     

习近平治水理念研究

[目的]总结习近平治水理念,为指导水利绿色发展提供指南。[方法]以习近平讲话和出版的论述为基础材料,开展系统的综合分析。[结果]习近平治水理念主要包括:水利为民、系统治水、生态优先、科学先行、节水优先、空间均衡、两手发力、久久为功辩证思维和国家安全。[结论]习近平治水理念是立足于中国国情水情富有创新性的水利理论概括和经验总结,是指导新时代中国水利工作的指南,是水利绿色发展的科学世界观和方法论,可为世界水利发展提供中国智慧。     

Healthcare resource utilization by patients with treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis in England

Aims: To examine healthcare resource utilization associated with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) in England.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of linked data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the Hospital Episode Statistics database collected between 1997 and 2016. Included patients were ≥18?years of age at the index MG diagnosis. Patients with refractory MG were identified using an algorithm based on treatments received. Healthcare resource utilization since the index date was compared between refractory and non-refractory cohorts.

Results: The study included 1149 patients with MG, of whom 66 (5.7%) were refractory. Sex and age at diagnosis did not significantly differ between the refractory and non-refractory cohorts. Rates of healthcare resource utilization per person-year were significantly higher (p?p?Limitations: The algorithm for identifying refractory patients did not include clinical criteria. Also, treatments administered in hospitals or by specialists were not available in the databases.

Conclusions: Patients in England with refractory MG more often visit healthcare providers, are hospitalized and visit an emergency room than patients with non-refractory MG.     

胜任力模型背景下的人力资源管理研究

在企业管理工作中,人力资源管理是非常重要的管理内容,而胜任力模式是人力资源管理的重要手段之一,可以提升人力资源管理的质量和水平。企业要想在激烈的竞争环境中占据有利地位,就需要将员工的胜任力最大限度地发挥出来,使员工能够和企业同发展、共进步。基于此,论文从胜任力模型入手,对其在企业人力资源管理中的应用及创新策略进行了分析,以供参考。     

基于经济新常态的长春市水资源开发利用潜力评价

以长春市为研究对象,基于未来经济处于新常态的发展态势,构建包含水资源、社会、经济、生态环境4个子系统的评价指标体系,并确定各指标的评价等级标准;基于模糊数学理论以及层次分析法构建包括目标层、准则层、指标层的3层模糊综合评价模型,以2015年为现状水平年,应用模型对长春市水资源开发利用潜力进行综合评价。结果表明:长春市水资源开发利用程度处于中等偏上水平,各辖区水资源开发利用规模不平衡,可通过产业结构调整提高全市用水效率,为经济持续增长提供保障。     

Biofuels technology development in Southern Africa

ABSTRACT

The benefits of biofuels depend on the feedstock, conversion pathway and local context. This paper assesses biofuels technology readiness and developments to provide foresight to biofuels development in Southern Africa. Efficient conversion pathways, coupled with biomass from waste or high-yielding energy crops, will reduce both the costs of biofuels production, and the environmental impacts. Compared to petroleum fuels, the current commercial biofuels (ethanol, biogas and biodiesel) typically offer carbon emission reductions of 30–50% but are marginally more expensive. The extent of biofuels market penetration will therefore be influenced by mandates (blending targets) and subsidies (green premium). Advanced biofuels promise greater efficiencies and carbon emission reductions at reduced cost but will require further research and development to reach commercialisation. If developed appropriately, biofuels can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy security, while enabling sustainable agriculture and improved natural resources management.     

Natural resource rents and internal conflicts: Can decentralization lift the curse?

We study how natural resource rents affect the risk of internal conflict within countries and how the federal structure of countries influences this relationship. Natural resource abundance may induce excessive rent-seeking and thus increase the risk of internal conflict. Fiscal and political decentralization as an institutional arrangement for rent-sharing and political codetermination of regions within a country may limit the destructive effect of natural resource rents on internal stability. Using cross-country and panel data from more than 90 countries covering the period 1984–2004, we find evidence that natural resource rents indeed increase the risk of internal conflict, but this relationship is significantly mitigated by political decentralization.