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1.
The current challenge for world agriculture is to provide food for a growing population, within a context of environmental degradation and economic inequality. The challenge is how to produce accessible, healthy, diverse, nutritious, safe and abundant food in a way that is sustainable, allowing farmers to exert food sovereignty while at the same time addressing ecosystem conservation. The aim of this study is to explore the potential contribution of traditional agriculture to food sovereignty and also to understand the challenges that indigenous communities are facing today. Our case studies are from six Latin-American countries: Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Guatemala and Mexico, where we carried out semi-structured, guided visits and field observations. Our results shed light on how traditional agricultural knowledge, techniques and practices can contribute to these issues, but also to the need of protecting and recovering the cultural and ecological heritage. There is a need to resolve public management issues, related to development investment, technological packages, cultural loss and gender. If these are not addressed, the potential contribution of ancient agricultural knowledge will fail to contribute to strengthen food sovereignty and maintain the local markets, which are also places for seed exchange, knowledge sharing and social networking.  相似文献   
2.
The evidence on yields, food-production, food-calories per capita, and declining levels of malnutrition in countries experiencing a Green Revolution are commonly cited in support of the claim that the GR sought to maximise food production. If one looks closely at the actual design of GR programmes (in India and elsewhere), however, it is clear that they were instead intended to boost yields and profitability in a small number of targeted areas. The underlying rationale for targeting was that achieving very high yields in such regions would persuade farmers to abandon subsistence farming in favour of commercial production, relying upon the market for the purchase of inputs as well as the sale of produce. In response to widespread criticism of the Green Revolution ca. 1970 for neglecting the needs of peasant farmers (as well as accentuating rural unrest), the World Bank and other donors began to direct more attention and resources to smallholders, but the aim of commercialising farming remained unchanged.  相似文献   
3.
[目的]与我国的农业资源禀赋条件相似,荷兰人多地少,农业资源贫乏,却是世界农业强国,其20世纪80年代开始的农业转型之路对促进我国当前农业绿色发展具有重要借鉴意义。[方法]结合实地调研与文献研究,文章梳理了荷兰40年来在农业环境治理方面的具体政策设计和实施效果,并分析了其主要经验做法及对我国发展的启示。[结果]从畜禽养殖数量控制到化学投入品控制、再到农业资源全管理,荷兰始终坚持以种养结合的可持续发展模式应对农业资源环境挑战,不断强化循环利用技术推广应用,逐步建立了严格的农业资源环境监管体系和政府支持体系,在农业污染得到有效治理的同时,依然很好地保持了国际市场竞争力。[结论]荷兰曾经面对的养殖业污染、化学品过度投入等问题也是我国当前农业环境的突出问题,其当时采取的转型思路与我们目前的绿色发展理念高度一致,借鉴荷兰经验,加快推进我国农业绿色发展,亟需创新循环农业发展模式,加强绿色发展技术支撑,建立并完善农业绿色发展制度体系,协同推进农业资源环境保护和农业竞争力提升。  相似文献   
4.
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is advocated as an agricultural innovation that will improve smallholder famer resilience to future climate change. Under the conditions presented by the El Niño event of 2015/16, the implementation of CA was examined in southern Malawi at household, district and national institutional levels. Agricultural system constraints experienced by farming households are identified, and in response the technologies, structures and agency associated with CA are evaluated. The most significant constraints were linked to household health, with associated labour and monetary impacts, in addition to the availability of external inputs of fertiliser and improved seed varieties. Our findings show that such constraints are not adequately addressed through current agricultural system support structures, with the institutions surrounding CA (in both Government extension services and NGO agricultural projects) focusing attention predominantly at field level practice, rather than on broader system constraints such as education and health support systems. Limited capacity within local institutions undermines long term efforts to implement new technologies such as CA. It is vitally important that the flexibility of farmers to adapt new technologies in a locally-appropriate manner is not closed down through national and institutional aims to build consensus around narrow technical definitions of a climate-smart technology such as CA. To enable farmers to fully utilise CA programmes, interventions must take a more holistic, cross-sectoral approach, understanding and adapting to address locally experienced constraints. Building capacity within households to adopt new agricultural practices is critical, and integrating healthcare support into agricultural policy is a vital step towards increasing smallholder resilience to future climate change.  相似文献   
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6.
通过实地调查和收集相关资料,对安化县发展黑茶产业扶贫的实际案例进行分析,研究安化县黑茶产业扶贫模式和脱贫路径。"公司+基地+农户"与"合作社+基地+农户"为安化县"互联网+农产业"扶贫模式的具体实现形式,分析了其脱贫的路径和机制对贫困户的帮扶作用,并对安化县的黑茶产业扶贫模式进行了总结。以安化县成功运用"互联网+黑茶产业"扶贫的经验为依据,最后为运用"互联网+农产业"模式扶贫提出四个政策建议:加强"互联网+农产业"扶贫的"软、硬件"基础设施建设、培育带动能力强的龙头农产业企业及合作社;发挥出"互联网+农产业"扶贫的优势并抓住各种机遇;提高政府运用"互联网+农产业"扶贫能力并建立针对性的产业扶贫制度安排和组织结构;建立好的脱贫路径和紧密的脱贫利益连接机制保证实现贫困户利益最大化。  相似文献   
7.
绿色农产品消费行为影响因素分析及行为调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
绿色农产品供给是适应消费升级的一个重要路径,是农产品高质量提升的一个重要形态。中国农业资源产出有限且各类消费品都面临消费升级压力,探讨绿色农产品的消费行为影响因素对优化绿色农产品供给、提升农产品供给质量、增加消费有积极意义。通过影响区域绿色农产品消费的因素识别,以消费者购买决策的过程关键变量调查研究对象,通过经济欠发达但绿色农业发展较好的江西消费者调查,揭示影响绿色农产品消费或不消费的原因,为后续农业供给政策制定以及区域政府实施科学管理提供依据,探索农业供给侧改革的新方向。  相似文献   
8.
This article explores urban agriculture in Cape Town and its organisational forms. Based on a literature review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature, it examines the state of linkages among urban farmers and various supporting organisations of urban agriculture. Moreover, it examines the coordination of activities among key supporting organisations. By analysing the roles of state and non-state actors and linkages, the article discusses implications for the development of urban agriculture. This article suggests that a lack of effective coordination of initiatives among supporting actors presents a significant pitfall in the development of urban agriculture. Furthermore, the failure of farmers to self-organise is identified as equally detrimental. Therefore, it calls for improved synergies between state and non-state actors involved to ensure that the gains of urban agriculture are enhanced.  相似文献   
9.
[目的]通过分析湖南省星级休闲农庄的空间分布特征,探究其分布规律,以期为区域规划与休闲农业发展提供借鉴与参考。[方法]以湖南省内971个评定的星级农庄为样本,运用最近邻指数、地理集中指数、洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数及核密度估算等方法进行空间分布类型及均衡程度测度; 运用缓冲区与叠加分析,进行农庄相对于主要客源市场的空间分布测度。[结果](1)湖南省星级休闲农庄空间分布整体呈现出“东密西疏,区域集聚”特征; (2)整体空间分布类型为集聚型,市州区域分布较不均衡,具有围绕市州中心城市集聚分布的特征; (3)形成了长株潭地区和湘南郴州地区2个高密度热点区,与湘南衡阳地区、湘中娄底地区2个次热点区; (4)星级农庄主要分布在距市州中心城市90km范围内。[结论]湖南省休闲农业星级农庄发展已经达到了集聚程度,但发展较不均衡,表明湖南省的休闲农业发展水平东部明显高于西部,根据该研究结果可将湖南省休闲农业划分为长株潭、湘南、湘中南、湘北、湘西5个休闲农业发展区域。  相似文献   
10.
孔海东  张培  刘兵 《技术经济》2019,35(6):99-108
通过文献调查并结合案例的描述性分析,提出数字技术时代价值网络中不同行为主体之间的赋能内涵、关键维度以及基于赋能跨层次效应的价值共创行为分析框架。将"赋能氛围""主体赋能"分别作为价值网络中赋能的宏观维度和微观维度进行概念化。界定了两个维度的关键组成要素,分别包括信息共享、开放性结构、协同规则以及主体关系、资源整合和影响。构建了赋能的跨层次效应模型,分析了赋能的宏观-微观跨层次效应及其对价值网络生态和主体价值创造的影响。  相似文献   
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