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1.
In this paper, we document the lesser-known heterogeneous trends of college/non-college earnings premium across age groups from 1995 to 2013 in China. Specifically, the college premium in 2013 for the younger group (age 25–34) was about 30 percentage points, similar to the level in 1995, while the college premium in 2013 for the older group (age 45–54) increased to 50 percentage points, nearly double that of 1995. To attribute these divergent trends of the college premium to the changes in the relative size of college workers, we use the model by Card and Lemieux (2001), which incorporates imperfect substitution between similarly educated workers in different age cohorts. Due to the distinctions of these trends in China, our identification is free of the overestimation issue that the existing studies suffer. Our results are similar to those in the U.S., U.K., Canada, and Japan. Holding the age cohort and survey year constant, a one unit increase in log relative size of college workers is associated with about 10 percentage points decrease in college/non-college premium and about 18 percentage points decrease in college/high school premium. We further find that the negative effect is much more substantial among the new entrants (age 25–29) than experienced workers (age 30–54). By this pattern, we demonstrate that the new labor market entrants are more sensitive to their own cohort size and argue that the confounding ability composition effect should not be a serious issue.  相似文献   
2.
We study a tug-of-war game between two players using the lottery contest success function (CSF) and a quadratic cost (of effort) function. We construct a pure strategy symmetric Markov perfect equilibrium of this game, show that it is unique, and provide closed-form solutions for equilibrium strategies and values. In stark contrast to a model of tug-of-war with an all-pay auction CSF, players exert positive efforts until the very last battle in this equilibrium. We deliver a set of empirically appealing results on effort dynamics.  相似文献   
3.
采用SBM-Undesirable模型测算了1999—2017年中部六省的碳排放效率,分别计算了产业结构合理化指数和高级化指数,利用耦合协调模型考察了碳排放效率与产业结构优化的耦合协调度,并对其影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的耦合协调度较低,处在中度失调和中度协调之间,碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度处在中度失调和中度协调之间,但有明显上升的趋势。人力资本、财政支出对中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的协调发展起到了促进作用,而环境规制、能源结构产生了抑制的作用。人力资本对碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度有正向作用,而外商投资、人均资本、制度质量和能源结构产生了抑制作用。  相似文献   
4.
[目的]通过对山西省的乡村旅游与乡村振兴的耦合协调度进行研究,对其耦合发展阶段进行分析,对山西省的乡村经济和社会发展具有重要的现实意义。[方法]基于耦合协调度评价模型对山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合协调度进行测算。[结果]山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合度在03~07,处于中等耦合阶段,两者的发展水平进步较快; 耦合协调度整体呈上升趋势,其中2010—2012年为低度耦合协调水平, 2013—2015年为中度耦合协调水平,在2016年达到高度耦合协调水平。[结论](1)山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴的综合评价值以及两者的耦合协调度D在2016年均处于近7年最高点,但耦合度增长迟缓,今后应注重两者的融合发展,更好地推进城乡一体化、美丽乡村以及产业转型升级,充分挖掘乡村资源价值,以促进乡村旅游与乡村振兴的全面协同发展;(2)山西省乡村旅游与乡村振兴耦合度增长态势明显,耦合效应明显,协调好两者之间的关系对山西省乡村经济和社会的发展具有积极地意义;(3)山西省乡村旅游和乡村振兴耦合发展可分为起始发展阶段和稳定发展阶段,耦合度从2012年起长期处于稳定的中度耦合状态,但耦合协调度增长趋势明显。  相似文献   
5.
经济的高质量发展需要社会保障体系的进一步完善,收入分配制度是影响经济发展水平与质量的重要因素,因此研究其三者之间关系对社会发展具有重要意义。文章基于2008—2018年安徽省面板数据,从收入分配的角度,采用非线性门槛模型研究经济发展对社会保障支出的影响机制。研究发现:经济发展水平与社会保障支出之间并不是简单的线性关系,收入分配程度使得经济发展水平对政府社会保障支出规模的作用路径呈现出非线性特征,即存在单门槛效应,且城乡收入不平等差距的缩小将有利于社会保障支出规模的提升。因此,政府应大力缩小收入差距,保障经济的高质量发展,扩大社会保障支出规模,完善社会保障制度。  相似文献   
6.
基于2002—2019年湖南省各市州相关指标,采用核密度估计、空间自相关和空间杜宾模型分析测度各地区新型城镇化水平、旅游经济空间依赖性及新型城镇化对区域旅游经济增长的空间溢出效应.研究结果表明,湖南省各市州城镇化进程表现为空间上的非均衡性和收敛性,且这种趋势正处于加速阶段.湖南省区域新型城镇化水平表现为两头稳定、中间波动,以及不收敛-收敛的时间变化特征.湖南省旅游经济增长存在显著的空间依赖性.城镇化率对当地旅游经济均有较强的区域内溢出效应,且区域城镇化对旅游经济的影响处于"回波效应"大于"扩散效应"阶段.地理距离因素减弱了城镇化对区域旅游经济增长的空间溢出效应,而经济因素则强化了这种空间溢出效应.  相似文献   
7.
A new class of forecasting models is proposed that extends the realized GARCH class of models through the inclusion of option prices to forecast the variance of asset returns. The VIX is used to approximate option prices, resulting in a set of cross-equation restrictions on the model’s parameters. The full model is characterized by a nonlinear system of three equations containing asset returns, the realized variance, and the VIX, with estimation of the parameters based on maximum likelihood methods. The forecasting properties of the new class of forecasting models, as well as a number of special cases, are investigated and applied to forecasting the daily S&P500 index realized variance using intra-day and daily data from September 2001 to November 2017. The forecasting results provide strong support for including the realized variance and the VIX to improve variance forecasts, with linear conditional variance models performing well for short-term one-day-ahead forecasts, whereas log-linear conditional variance models tend to perform better for intermediate five-day-ahead forecasts.  相似文献   
8.
This paper examines the momentum effect for twenty cryptocurrencies compared to the US stock market. For this purpose, we implement a dynamic modeling approach to define and test momentum periods that follow a formation period for interday and various intraday price levels. We find evidence that large proportions of the asset classes’ formation periods are followed by momentum periods, strongly supporting the momentum effect. In particular cryptocurrencies have significantly larger and longer momentum periods in all frequencies which we attribute to the lower derivability of their intrinsic value leading to a higher degree of noise traders in the market. A momentum trading strategy based on the identical approach outperforms a buy-hold strategy for both asset classes, while only cryptocurrencies have higher risk-adjusted returns and lower downside risks than a passive investment. We also find critical price levels during structural elements of the momentum period where the volatility shortly but intensively increases and consequently initiates a price impulse in the direction of the momentum.  相似文献   
9.
我国大力发展内河水运,通过水运带动城市经济,推动港产城融合发展。湖北省政府强调争取到2030年建成具有产业支撑力的以武汉新港为核心的长江中游航运中心。为探究武汉城市圈产业与武汉新港港口物流协同发展水平及影响因素,采用优化耦合协同度模型对2008—2017年武汉城市圈产业与武汉新港港口物流耦合发展水平进行实证研究,进一步利用灰色关联模型探究内河港口物流与区域产业耦合度主要影响因素,研究发现:武汉城市圈各市产业发展差距明显;港口物流与武汉城市圈产业耦合作用显著;各市港口物流与区域产业耦合类型空间差异明显;港口物流与区域产业关联性强。  相似文献   
10.
Existing research on private label market share is primarily in the context of the Western market. The Chinese market context research is scarce, although private labels are developing rapidly in the past several years. This study investigates how the average wage and number of stores affect the Chinese market's private label market share. More importantly, this paper examines the moderating effect of the average wage and the number of stores on the relationship between the private label market share and product assortment as well as the relationship between the private label market share and pricing. Data collected from a Chinese supply chain dyad is analyzed to study category management using hierarchical linear models. The results reveal that the average wage and the number of stores positively affect the private label market share. Furthermore, the average wage enhances the negative effect of the number of brands, weakens the negative effect of the private label price, weakens the positive effect of national brand price. Meanwhile, the number of stores enhances the positive effect of the SKU proliferation of private label, enhances the negative effects of the number of brands, and enhances the negative effect of the private label price. This study contributes to category management. Furthermore, the findings will be valuable to domestic and international grocery marketers and retailers operating private labels in China.  相似文献   
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