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1.
Jonas Agell 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2004,106(3):437-452
Do incentives differ between large and small organizations? Results from a representative survey of compensation managers are used to shed light on the issues. I find that (i) small establishments rely less on pecuniary incentives, and have a significantly more hostile attitude towards incentive schemes based on competition and relative rewards; (ii) large units are more vulnerable to mechanisms of efficiency wages, effects that remain even after controlling for differences in monitoring ability; (iii) large units are more prone to indicate that negative reciprocity is important, and that their employees care about relative pay. I argue that these findings fit with behavioral stories of incentives and motivation, in particular those stressing group interaction effects, inequity aversion and gift exchange. 相似文献
2.
Abstract. Economists devote considerable energies towards refining their econometric techniques to overcome difficulties connected with conducting empirical research. Despite advances in technique. it is not clear whether further refinement in this direction is worthwhile for policy purposes. It may be that no further amount of statistical adjustment of inadequate data will increase understanding, and that better data is simply necessary to add to our knowledge. But rarely is sufficient credit paid to new forms of data. In short, econometric technique is emphasized to the neglect of data innovation, as if new data were merely lying about waiting for an ingenious suggestion for use. This paper surveys advances of the last twenty five years in estimating labour supply for policy purposes with a view towards appreciating the relative contribution of both improvements in econometric technique as well as developments of new data.
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured. 相似文献
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured. 相似文献
3.
Underdetermination, associated with the DuhemQuine thesis,is a familiar if under-researched theme in economics. In thelight of this, we examine the development of urban land andhousing economics. Through its Cartesian dualistic delineationof theory and data, the contemporary mainstream approach appearsunable to circumvent the problem of underdetermination. In effect,it employs the strong version of DuhemQuine in its retentionof the assumption of a single, unitary competitive market (andassociated accessspace trade-off). Conversely, we highlightthe affinity of Ely's (and the later Columbia School's) approachto pragmatists Dewey and Peirce, which provides a more fruitfulbasis for explanation. 相似文献
4.
《The World Economy》2018,41(6):1664-1694
This paper studies the consequences of parallel trade in a two‐country model. It compares a coinsurance scheme (consumers pay a percentage of the drug price) and an indemnity insurance scheme (reimbursement is independent of the drug price) with respect to changes in copayments and public health expenditure. In the destination country, copayments for patients decrease to a larger extent under indemnity insurance, whereas reductions in public health expenditure occur only under coinsurance. In the source country, copayments increase less under coinsurance, whereas health expenditure is reduced more under indemnity insurance. In both countries, total expenditure under parallel trade is lower. 相似文献
5.
Intraday Value at Risk (IVaR) using tick-by-tick data with application to the Toronto Stock Exchange 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper investigates the use of tick-by-tick data for intraday market risk measurement. We propose a method to compute an Intraday Value at Risk based on irregularly spaced high-frequency data and an intraday Monte Carlo simulation. A log-ACD–ARMA–EGARCH model is used to specify the joint density of the marked point process of durations and high-frequency returns. We apply our methodology to transaction data for three stocks actively traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Compared to traditional techniques applied to intraday data, our methodology has two main advantages. First, our risk measure has a higher informational content as it takes into account all observations. On the total risk measure, our method allows for distinguishing the effect of random trade durations from the effect of random returns, and for analyzing the interaction between these factors. Thus, we find that the information contained in the time between transactions is relevant to risk analysis, which is consistent with predictions from asymmetric-information models in the market microstructure literature. Second, once the model has been estimated, the IVaR can be computed by any trader for any time horizon based on the same information and with no need of sampling the data and estimating the model again when the horizon changes. Backtesting results show that our approach constitutes reliable means of measuring intraday risk for traders who are very active in the market. 相似文献
6.
基于我国1081家上市工业企业的面板数据,采用市级政府企业所得税分成率衡量税收分成。研究发现,税收分成与企业创新间呈显著的“倒U”型关系,即随着税收分成程度的提高,其对政府的“征税激励”将超过“税基保护激励”,导致税收分成对企业创新的影响从促进转为抑制。进一步考察企业所有制和行业性质对这一非线性关系的调节作用,结果显示:国有企业曲线的形态更加陡峭、转折点发生左移、创新整体水平更低;高科技企业的曲线更加陡峭、转折点发生右移、创新整体水平更高。 相似文献
7.
本文从数据挖掘的概念与过程出发,阐明证券分析中的挖掘主题和方法,具体阐述了数据挖掘技术在证券分析中的应用领域,并对旅游上市公司证券的聚类分析做了实证研究。 相似文献
8.
在客户资源越来越受重视的今天,客户关系管理(CRM)作为一种"以客户为中心"的营销理念,正被越来越多的企业所采用。而随着客户数据的不断扩充和膨胀,要求有一种更为有效的工具对这些数据进行采集和管理,这一有效手段就是数据仓库技术。文章论述了数据仓库的内涵及其对CRM的重要意义,并对如何运用数据仓库技术为CRM服务提出了一些看法和见解。 相似文献
9.
我国服务业发展的地区差异及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过因子分析法,测算了我国大陆31个省、直辖市、自治区服务业发展水平,并对全国以及东、中、西部三大地区服务业发展的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:我国各地区服务业发展水平差异较大,自东部往西部呈现逐渐降低的梯度分布格局,与经济发展水平存在显著正相关关系;政府干预度与服务业发展水平负相关;人力资本、城镇职工平均工资、城市化率和居民收入对服务业发展有显著的促进作用;外商直接投资只对东部地区服务业发展有显著促进作用,而固定资产投资只对西部地区服务业发展有显著影响。 相似文献
10.
运用数据包络分析法(DEA)测度了1995--2009年我国区域金融效率,并用基尼系数和泰尔指数分别从省际和区际层面衡量了我国区域金融效率差异。结果显示,我国金融效率整体水平较低,金融效率区域差异不大。金融效率及效率差异都呈现出了明显的两阶段特征,其中2002年是转折点。2002年后,各地区金融效率都有了一定程度的提高,与此同时,金融效率区域差异开始收敛。区域金融效率差异的分解结果显示,区域内金融效率差异是区域金融效率总差异的主要原因,平均贡献率超过了75%。 相似文献