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1.
采用SBM-Undesirable模型测算了1999—2017年中部六省的碳排放效率,分别计算了产业结构合理化指数和高级化指数,利用耦合协调模型考察了碳排放效率与产业结构优化的耦合协调度,并对其影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的耦合协调度较低,处在中度失调和中度协调之间,碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度处在中度失调和中度协调之间,但有明显上升的趋势。人力资本、财政支出对中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的协调发展起到了促进作用,而环境规制、能源结构产生了抑制的作用。人力资本对碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度有正向作用,而外商投资、人均资本、制度质量和能源结构产生了抑制作用。  相似文献   
2.
Following years of fast-rising debt levels, we show that the Covid-19 crisis worsened an already deteriorating fiscal position in South Africa. To restore fiscal sustainability in the aftermath of the crisis some commentators argue that higher government expenditure will grow GDP sufficiently to stabilise the debt/GDP ratio. We reject this, showing that although a real increase in expenditure stimulates economic growth (a short-run, once-off effect), the public expenditure/GDP ratio exceeds the level at which an increase in the ratio positively impacts growth. We then explore the past efforts of government to maintain or restore fiscal sustainability by estimating a fiscal reaction function using a Markov-switching model. Following the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the budget, we subsequently establish the deficit, expenditure and revenue adjustments that the government will have to make to restore fiscal sustainability. Finally, we consider the merits of introducing a debt ceiling.  相似文献   
3.
大学生是社会消费群体的重要组成部分,他们的消费行为特征受到越来越多人的关注。为了更好地了解大学生的具体消费行为,本文采取问卷调查的方式,以合肥师范学院在校大学生作为调查对象,进一步了解大学生的消费理念、方式以及水平、结构等。最后根据调查结果的数据分析,对大学生理性消费提出具体建议,以引导大学生树立正确的消费观念。  相似文献   
4.
Consumers often base their judgments on a no-pain, no-gain principle—that is, one must pay a cost in order to achieve a beneficial outcome. For example, they infer the quality of a product from its price and judge a bad-tasting medicine to be more effective than a tasty one. Although the use of this principle to infer the value of a product or service has been observed in several domains, the processes that underlie its use have not been fully explored. We find that when people feel out of control, they tend to use the principle because it exemplifies a causal relationship between actions and outcomes and endorsing it reaffirms their belief that they have control over the outcomes of their behavior. Our findings have implications for how marketers might position products and services to attract consumers who perceive themselves as having different levels of control.  相似文献   
5.
This paper identifies for the first time the optimal target markets employing the latent tourism demand expenditure, a novel concept in tourism literature. The study quantifies latent tourism demand between each pair of origin-destination through distinguishing by type of tourism and seasonality. It works with market shares that are estimated via a fractional regression model. Moreover, latent demand is clustered using a market segmentation approach based on a latent class regression. Finally, the optimal target markets are chosen depending on the expected latent tourism expenditure. The result has clear policy implications in terms of which markets are promoted, the optimal channels of communication and the maximum budget for each marketing campaign.  相似文献   
6.
In this paper, we consider factor models of the term structure based on a Brownian filtration. We show that the existence of a nondeterministic long rate in a factor model of the term structure implies, as a consequence of the Dybvig–Ingersoll–Ross theorem, that the model has an equivalent representation in which one of the state variables is nondecreasing. For two‐dimensional factor models, we prove moreover that if the long rate is nondeterministic, the yield curve flattens out, and the factor process is asymptotically nondeterministic, then the term structure is unbounded. Finally, we provide an explicit example of a three‐dimensional affine factor model with a nondeterministic yet finite long rate in which the volatility of the factor process does not vanish over time.  相似文献   
7.
文章以代理理论为基础,实证分析激励和监督对经销商依从的影响及依赖结构的调节作用。研究发现:激励会促进经销商依从,而监督则会抑制经销商依从;相互依赖强度会削弱监督对经销商依从的负向影响,但对激励与经销商依从间的关系没有显著影响;经销商相对依赖会增强激励对经销商依从的正向影响,但对监督与经销商依从间的关系没有显著影响。文章最后对研究发现进行讨论,并提出管理建议和未来研究的方向。  相似文献   
8.
The “50/50”, or the shared management international joint venture (shared IJV) remains a popular and yet challenging control structure to govern IJVs. The purpose of this study is to understand the post-formation management of shared IJVs, specifically the relationship between shared structure, relational conditions and management of post-formation challenges. Our evidence is based on 26 in-depth interviews across four cases of shared IJVs between British multinationals and Asian companies. Our findings indicate that the highly integrative nature of shared IJVs, including high operational interdependence and shared decision-making, encourages partners to work closely together, communicate frequently and intensely and exchange personnel. Although share management can lead to inter-partner conflicts, the equal investment and mutual responsibility partly provides partners with motivation and opportunities to learn about each other, to better implement the control structure, to build trust, and to commit to the venture and partner. These relational conditions facilitated the successful management of post-formation challenges such as diversity related conflicts and macro volatility.  相似文献   
9.
The conventional partial adjustment model, which focuses on leverage evolution, has difficulty identifying deliberate capital structure adjustments as it confounds financing decisions with the mechanical autocorrelation of leverage. We propose and estimate a financing-based partial adjustment model that separates the effects of financing decisions on leverage evolution from mechanical evolution. The speed of adjustment (SOA) is firm-specific and stochastic, and active targeting of capital structure has a multiplier effect that depends on the size of financial deficit. Overall, we find expected SOA from active rebalancing (30%) more than doubles what is expected from mechanical mean reversion alone (13%).  相似文献   
10.
本文以制造业上市公司为研究对象,从收入动因成本中分解出收入动因固定成本和收入动因变动成本,进而计算出习性成本结构指标、保本点指标以及经营安全程度(安全边际率)指标。通过习性成本结构和经营安全程度分析可以得出以下研究结论:(1)以收入动因成本和营业净收入为基础进行的习性成本结构和经营安全程度分析是合理的、可靠的;(2)制造业整体上变动成本比重较高,行业整体营业净收入中变动成本比重为89.44%;(3)制造业整体经营风险较低,行业整体安全边际率为77.71%,处于“很安全”的范围。  相似文献   
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