How Do Entry Motives and Institutions Influence the Acquisition Strategies of Multinationals in Foreign Markets? Lessons from Acquisitions of Finnish Multinationals in Global Markets

When acquiring foreign targets, multinationals have an option for partial acquisition, staged acquisition, and full acquisition. This study seeks to understand how the motives of market entry and institutions influence these acquisition strategies in foreign markets. By integrating OLI paradigm and institutional theory with an empirical case study of seven acquisitions of Finnish multinationals in global markets, the study finds that the motives of market entry (i.e., market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, strategic-asset-seeking motives) interact with host country institutions in influencing the choice of partial, staged, and full acquisitions. The study also develops six propositions and recommends areas for future research.     

Regime switching rough Heston model

This model combines two important stylized features of volatility, the rough behavior consistent with a Hurst parameter less than , and the regime switching property consistent with more long-term economic considerations. It is nevertheless highly tractable in the sense of semianalytic formulae for European options, and permits a partial Monte Carlo method of similar computational speed as the semianalytic formula (at an appropriate number of Monte Carlo simulations). While option prices are relatively insensitive to the choice of Hurst parameter, introducing rough volatility allows for a better fit to the at-the-money skew.     

Income Polarization of the U.S. Working Class: An Institutionalist View

We provide an institutional insight into the trend of income polarization within the U.S. working class. In contrast to the previous industrial waves, the current and ongoing industrial revolution is characterized by the replacement of “creative destruction” with jobless growth. Instead of replacing the lost jobs with new ones, new disruptive technologies eliminate more jobs in traditional labor and capital-intensive sectors than create jobs in new idea-intensive sectors. By examining the relationship between the income share of the bottom 50 percent, the middle 40 percent, and the top 10 percent and technological progress, we obtain robust econometric results. According to our results, the income polarization among U.S. workers can be associated with the shift of R&D activities from the public to the corporate sector. The concentration of innovations by corporate capital limits the power of society to reduce inequality and to provide greater social stability through “the incredible productivity” of technological progress.     

政府随机审计的动态博弈模型及政策启示

本文在一个三阶段动态博弈框架下，对政府随机审计过程中的政府审计机关与政府审计对象以及国家与政府审计对象之间的动态博弈特征进行了分析。分析结果显示：政府审计机关与政府审计对象之间存在一个纯策略纳什均衡，而国家和政府审计对象之间存在一个混合策略纳什均衡。政府审计对象接受国家实质性审计的概率是政府审计对象被政府机关审计发现违规或不作为后的惩罚倍数的单调递减函数，而政府审计对象的违规或不作为的概率分别是政府审计对象被政府机关审计发现违规或不作为后的惩罚倍数和政府审计对象的应尽义务或责任的单调递减函数，却是政府审计机关审计行为成本的单调递增函数。同时，结合研究结论和中国政府审计全覆盖的现实，给出了一些政策建议。     

以科学发展观指导大学生的全面发展

科学发展观对大学生的全面发展具有指导作用。要用科学发展观指导学生树立正确的世界观,搞好学习,完成学业,做到全面发展。     

单光子卫星量子通信噪声和干扰分析

卫星量子通信是建立全球量子通信网络的最佳选择之一。针对采用偏振编码的卫星量子通信中的偏振保持问题,研究了大气散射和卫星与地面站间相对运动等因素对量子偏振态相位和对准的影响以及相位延迟和对准误差对系统量子误码率的影响,分析了背景噪声和系统硬件噪声对通信产生的影响以及单光子通信过程中可能受到的光子分离攻击干扰,为量子信号认知设计提供借鉴意义。     

基于星载极化SAR数据的农作物分类识别进展评述

［目的］农作物播种面积信息不仅可为农情监测和作物估产提供重要的数据保障，还是国家制定粮食政策和经济计划的重要依据。快速、准确地获取农作物播种面积信息能为农业生产管理提供决策支持。极化SAR不受云雨天气的影响，在农作物遥感监测方面具有巨大的应用潜力，有效利用极化SAR数据进行农作物识别研究对促进雷达技术在国家农业遥感监测和农业供给侧结构性改革中发挥更大作用具有重要意义。［方法］以星载极化SAR技术的发展过程为论述主线，从单、双极化SAR数据，单、双极化SAR数据结合光学影像，全极化SAR数据三个发展阶段，对极化SAR数据在农作物分类识别中的研究与应用进行总结，并对比分析不同的识别特征、融合算法以及分类算法的优缺点。［结果］以往研究存在以下不足：当前研究多以识别水稻为主，对于难以识别的旱地作物研究较少；目前对旱地作物识别精度不高，平均识别精度不足85%；缺乏对不同作物散射机制及其随时相变化的研究，导致分类算法机理性不足，普适性较差。［结论］在今后的研究中，旱地作物散射机制的定量确定，如何利用散射机制及其变化来提高旱地作物遥感识别精度和普适性；目前分类算法大都是基于光学影像设计，如何利用SAR特殊的成像方式优化设计适用于极化SAR数据的分类算法，得到更高的分类精度；如何更好的跟光学遥感等多源数据（光学数据、GIS数据等）结合来提高精度，将成为未来极化SAR农作物识别中三个亟需重点解决的问题。     

Political activism and polarization

I develop a model of activism and polarization in the context of electoral competition. Two candidates simultaneously announce policy platforms and seek the support of ideologically inclined activists. Activists compete to influence electoral outcomes by expending costly support for their respective candidates. The presence of activists always moderates the platform choice of candidates, compared to the case of no activism. The central finding of the paper is that the relationship between partisanship of activists and polarization is ambiguous. As activists become increasingly partisan, polarization of candidate platforms reduces or widens depending on the costs of activism. I present normative conditions under which the presence of activism and increased partisanship among activists are both welfare‐improving for voters. Finally, introducing a public funding option for candidates increases polarization in the political process.     

Employment polarization and the role of the apprenticeship system

This paper studies the effect of apprenticeship training on technology adoption and labor market polarization. A stylized model with two key features is developed: (1) apprentices are more productive due to industry-specific training, but (2) from the firm׳s perspective, when training apprentices, technological innovation is costly since training becomes obsolete. Thus, apprentices correlate with slower adoption of skill-replacing technologies, but also less employment polarization. We test this hypothesis on German regions given local variation in apprenticeship systems until 1976. The results show little computer adoption and no employment polarization related to apprentices, but similar displacement of non-apprentices by computers as in the US.     

铁路客专现浇连续梁碗扣满堂支架的设计及检算

本文详细介绍成渝客运专线梁滩河特大桥预应力混凝土连续梁现浇施工中碗扣满堂支架的设计及检算,为类似工程施工提供参考。