农民对宅基地权利认知及影响因素研究*——以河北省新乐市为例

［目的］通过对河北省新乐市农民在宅基地权力认知及影响因素方面的分析，探究我国农村宅基地制度并提出相关建议。［方法］文章受制度功能可信度理论启发，以河北省新乐市14个行政村为调研对象，探究农民对宅基地相关权利认知情况，同时采用Spearman相关性分析研究影响农民宅基地认知的因素。［结果］调研地自发宅基地流转市场已形成，宅基地制度功能处于社会保障功能向财产功能转变的过渡阶段； 农民对宅基地所有权认知不明晰，但并不影响宅基地市场建立； 在宅基地流转中，农民更关注相互之间信任、村委会保留的记录、流转中形成的“事实产权”； 农民性别、年龄、受教育水平和家庭人口数是影响权利认知的主要因素。［结论］依据制度功能可信度理论充分考虑宅基地制度在现阶段的功能变化，因地制宜； 政府应关注农民的宅基地使用权问题，使其真正成为农民的财产； 应对农村宅基地流转中形成的事实产权逐渐正式化； 应制定年轻人就业帮扶和年长者社会保障等相关政策，避免宅基地流转影响农村社会稳定性。     

宅基地使用权转让合同效力探究--基于30个宅基地使用权转让纠纷的实证研究

近年宅基地使用权转让合同效力纠纷案件大量发生,其中不乏当事人"恶意"起诉的案件。但因宅基地使用权制度规定与法院对宅基地相关法条强制性规定分类的不同理解,导致案例判决结果差异较大。对比学说且结合实际案例,提出将公法权益与私法权益的对比权衡作为强制性规定分类的主要标准,赋予法官在此类案件中的自由裁量权,即依据实际情况认定转让合同效力。     

Influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads: A survey in zhejiang,China

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the influencing factors on farmers’ willingness of withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH). Methods that included field surveys, factor analyses and case studies were used for this paper. The results show that farmers have a strong willingness to own the property on which their homesteads sit. There are deviations between homestead systems and execution. It is common that the area of a homestead exceeds the lawful standard, and one peasant family owns two or more homesteads. Peasant families have many concerns about WRH, which include: reduction of employment, lack of supporting social security, high expenditure of new houses, low compensation criteria for homesteads, decline in standard of living and inconvenience in agricultural production. Among all means of compensation, peasants prefer allocated residences, and they pay more attention to public service facilities and fundamental facilities. The authors argue that implementing employment and social security policies and setting up linkage mechanisms of WRH could help to smoothly push forward WRH.     

Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs

Recent research has developed an in-depth understanding of how workers change their jobs on their own to improve their performance and well-being, a process called job crafting. This research suggests that managers, coworkers, and organizations need a better understanding of how to manage job crafting to capitalize on its benefits and reduce costs. This article will help organizations diagnose the occurrence of job crafting, recognize the differences between goal-oriented approaches to job crafting as opposed to withdrawal-oriented avoidance job crafting, and identify the seven specific types of job crafting: work role expansion, social expansion, work role reduction, work organization, adoption, metacognition, and withdrawal. We conclude with recommendations for managers, coworkers, and organizations on how to diagnose and manage job crafting.     

Nontraditional student withdrawal from undergraduate accounting programmes: a holistic perspective

A collaborative project of several Quebec universities, this study investigates nontraditional student withdrawal from undergraduate accounting programmes. A nontraditional student is older than 24, or is a commuter or a part-time student, or combines some of these characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses of student dropout factors were performed. A logistic regression for full-time students indicates several significant determinants of student withdrawal: returning to school after working for some time, enrolment in a non-first choice programme, dissatisfaction with programme choice and courses, and low grade point average (GPA). For part-time students, low GPA is the main explanatory factor for student withdrawal. Other factors appear to be instrumental in withdrawal decisions, such as management of external resources (time and family responsibilities) for women. The results suggest that students would benefit from university support services to acquire learning strategies that improve perseverance. Lastly, in-class learning activities that help bolster grades could decrease student withdrawal rates.     

少数民族聚居区农户宅基地退出意愿影响因素分析——以新疆特克斯县为例

为了研究宅基地退出影响因素在多民族文化农村区域的特殊性,对新疆特克斯县农户进行问卷调查,选取特克斯县3乡1镇作为样本区,将调查农户分为汉族与少数民族2个类型,提出4个假设,采取Logistic回归分析研究影响不同类型农户宅基地退出因素的显著性,验证提出的假设。结果表明:(1)不同民族文化对宅基地退出影响差异明显;(2)农户户主的家庭决策权存在惯性认识偏差;(3)农户家庭与宅基地禀赋对宅基地退出影响显著;(4)农户宅基地退出政策认知亟需提升。研究结论:(1)重视民族文化对宅基地退出影响;(2)要促进宅基地退出农户就业和社会保障;(3)要强化宅基地退出政策宣传与创新。     

论中国风险投资退出机制的建立与完善

风险投资在经济发展中起着十分重要的作用 ,特别表现在 2 0世纪 90年代的美国经济中。然而 ,风险投资在中国的运作并不理想 ,主要是由于退出机制方面的问题。事实上 ,退出机制是关系到风险投资运作的关键因素。为了更好地促进中国高新技术企业和成长潜力大的中小企业的发展 ,中国应建立起畅通的退出机制 ,以带动中国经济的新一轮增长。     

农村宅基地使用权申请审批问题研究——基于地方立法文本的分析

地方立法中的申请审批条款在一定程度上决定着我国农村宅基地申请审批的实际状况。通过对地方立法文本中关于申请审批的立法模式和内容构成的统计分析，发现我国目前宅基地申请人的资格不一，审批中农村集体经济组织主体位置虚缺，而且宅基地立法层级很低，立法清理工作不及时。我国今后应明确农村集体经济组织成员的内涵，强化宅基地所有权人在审批中的作用，制定统一的《农村宅基地使用权法》。     

外商直接投资的退出效应与绩效检验

文章摒弃了“从FDI进入研究东道国溢出效应”的传统思路,强调FDI退出对东道国的受益（贡献）情况。文章进一步利用2008-2013年间两位码分类的中国工业动态面板数据,估计了FDI退出对工业全要素生产率的效应。研究发现：FDI退出对中国工业绩效的影响呈现出显著的差异性,以追求研发创新和高端人才优势为战略动机的探索型FDI退出抑制了中国工业绩效的改善,而以国际分工和产业转移为投资目标的利用型FDI退出则有利于整体工业水平的提升,其对工业绩效改善的贡献呈递增之势。     

中德保险法中的消费者保护——以保险合同法总则为重点

《德国保险合同法》和我国《保险法》的最新修改都集中体现了对消费者的保护。《德国保险合同法》订立原则放弃了保险单模式,采取申请模式或邀请模式;全面改进了保险人和中间人的指导义务和信息义务,增强了保险透明度;统一规定了书面的义务履行方式和保险人与中间人的文献资料义务,有助于减少证明困难;确立了投保人的撤回权,在归责原则上放弃了全有全无原则,采取比例规则,极大地提高了对消费者的保护。我国新《保险法》虽然改善了对消费者的保护,但不尽如人意之处仍然很多。《德国保险合同法》的具体制度规定给我们提供了很好的借鉴。