Accounting for Option–based Compensation: The Economic Cost Approach

The intrinsic value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the difference between the stock price on the date of the grant and the exercise price of the option. The fair market value approach amortizes over the life of the option, the market value of stock options on the date of the grant. These approaches do not reflect the changes in the option–based compensation cost after the grant date. This paper proposes an economic cost approach that not only adjusts for the changes in the value of the options during its life but also records the issuance of the stock at fair market value on the exercise date.     

Stability and Segregation in Group Formation

This paper presents a model of group formation based on the assumption that individuals prefer to associate with people similar to them. It is shown that, in general, if the number of groups that can be formed is bounded, then a stable partition of the society into groups may not exist. (A partition is defined as stable if none of the individuals would prefer be in a different group than the one he is in.) However, if individuals' characteristics are one-dimensional, then a stable partition always exists. We give sufficient conditions for stable partitions to be segregating (in the sense that, for example, low-characteristic individuals are in one group and high-characteristic ones are in another) and Pareto efficient. In addition, we propose a dynamic model of individual myopic behavior describing the evolution of group formation to an eventual stable, segregating, and Pareto efficient partition. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, H41.     

Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

Symmetry and order in the portfolio allocation problem

Summary. This research studies the role of multivariate distribution structures on random asset returns in determining the optimal allocation vector for an expected utility maximizer. All our conclusions pertain for the set of risk averters. By carefully disturbing symmetry in the distribution of the, possibly covarying, returns, we ascertain the ordinal structure of the optimized allocation vector. Rank order of allocations is also established when a permutation symmetric random vector is mapped into the returns vector through location and scale shifts. It is shown that increased dispersion in the vectors of location and scale parameters benefit, ex-ante, investors as does a decrease in the rank correlation coefficient between the location and scale parameter vectors. Revealed preference comparative static results are identified for the location and scale vectors of asset returns. For most issues addressed, we arrive at much stronger inferences when a safe asset is available. Received: August 8, 2000; revised version: January 8, 2001     

充气天线结构技术概述

简要介绍了充气式可展开空间天线(以下简称充气天线)结构的关键技术,指出了充气天线的最新发展动向。     

军民融合背景下我国上市军工企业结构评价研究

采用“DEA方法”评价我国上市军工企业结构优化度,通过我国各军工产业结构优化效率之间的对比,探究我国军工产业结构现有的问题,进而提出新时期、新常态下,我国军工产业结构升级的对策。最后,就军民融合背景下我国军工企业转型升级问题提出实践性指导。     

辽宁省产业结构与就业结构协调发展研究

产业结构与就业结构的协调发展是促进就业和经济持续稳定增长的必然要求,是考察一国或一地区产业结构调整合理化水平的重要指标。针对辽宁省产业结构与就业结构出现的不协调性问题,利用1978-2007年相关数据,采用结构偏离度、就业吸纳弹性等实证分析方法,得出二元经济体制惯性、资本密集型主导、科技含量低等是其形成的主要原因,最后提出了相应的对策建议。     

工业园区废弃物交易生态协作激励机制

在分析工业园区废弃物交易存在资产专用性和不确定性等问题的基础上,通过构建园区废弃物交易生态协作收益模型,分别探讨了社会最优条件下、单期交易条件下和关系契约条件下有助于废弃物交易双方生态协作的最优激励机制安排。研究结果表明:资产专用性和不确定性等导致单期交易下生态协作存在效率损失,此时根据生产效率分配协作租金可最大程度地减少生态协作效率损失;关系契约推动了生态协作效率的提升,利用企业可通过隐藏废弃物在利用环节的价值增值信息以及调节奖励支付规则等获得社会最优条件下的生态协作收益;废弃物交易双方越关注未来的预期收益,废弃物交易中的协作程度越高,废弃物交易双方获取的生态协作收益就越大;废弃物再利用的成本越高,越需要交易双方进行长期协作,越需要对园区进行政策干预。     

基于生命周期的产业技术联盟政府管理策略研究

产业技术联盟是国家和区域技术创新体系的重要组成部分,政府要根据科技发展规划以及重点产业和战略性新兴产业的技术创新需求,加强对产业技术联盟的规划与管理。通过分析产业技术联盟的生命周期特征,本文指出了联盟不同发展阶段存在的主要问题,提出了联盟不同发展阶段的政府管理思路,设计了联盟组建阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶段和再造阶段的政府管理策略,旨在为政府明确产业技术联盟的管理重点,促进联盟的快速和可持续发展提供决策支持。     

退耕还林工程成本补助:性质、结构及有效分担

阐明退耕还林工程的成本构成、补助性质和分担情况;对工程成本资金管理和运作责任主体不明确、补助成本结构设置不尽合理、退耕农户成本总体弥补不足的问题突出、地方政府在退耕还林中实际负担过多成本以及补助期偏短、配套基础建设进展缓慢、培育替代产业难度大等退耕还林工程成本补助管理及成本分担问题进行深入剖析;提出退耕还林工程成本有效分担的原则、财政职责在政府间的合理分配、保证退耕还林工程区地方政府正常工程管理工作运转的资金需要、兼顾效率原则和改进成本补助资金方法等创新退耕还林工程成本分担机制,优化政府间财政措施的建议。