LABOUR SUPPLY ESTIMATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

Abstract. Economists devote considerable energies towards refining their econometric techniques to overcome difficulties connected with conducting empirical research. Despite advances in technique. it is not clear whether further refinement in this direction is worthwhile for policy purposes. It may be that no further amount of statistical adjustment of inadequate data will increase understanding, and that better data is simply necessary to add to our knowledge. But rarely is sufficient credit paid to new forms of data. In short, econometric technique is emphasized to the neglect of data innovation, as if new data were merely lying about waiting for an ingenious suggestion for use. This paper surveys advances of the last twenty five years in estimating labour supply for policy purposes with a view towards appreciating the relative contribution of both improvements in econometric technique as well as developments of new data.
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured.     

Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

社会养老保险新政的运行效果分析——基于沈阳市国有大型企业的调查

利用调查数据重点考察了社会养老保险新政的实际运行效果,指出了目前存在职工参保意愿不强烈、政策有效性尚不明显、对制度长期建设缺乏信心等现实问题,以期对养老保险制度的改革完善提供理论和政策依据。     

股市波动、金融政策和宏观经济关系研究——基于因子VAR模型

通过因子分析从诸宏观经济变量中提取了金融政策因子和宏观经济状态因子,建立了基于VAR的股价波动、金融政策和宏观经济三变量回归模型。研究表明：金融政策影响股价的表现,而宏观经济状态对股价、股价对金融政策和宏观经济状态的影响均不显著;基于标准差的VAR（5）模型相对于基于收益率的VAR（3）模型能更好地刻画股市波动与金融政策、宏观经济三者之间的关系。     

安徽省城市用地扩展研究——以六安市为例

以六安市为例,利用相关城市统计资料、相关城市图件,对撤地设市十年来六安城区土地扩展情况进行研究,并分析其驱动力因素。得出撤地设市以来六安市城市扩展速度明显增加,尤其2008—2010年扩展量占十年来总扩展量的34．07％,且年均增加4．88kmu;城市扩展动态度和城市用地效率也呈现明显的上：升趋势。城市扩展及其方向受到了社会经济条件、人口、交通、政策等因素的影响。     

划拨土地使用权益基准地价评估方法探析

本文先简要介绍了几种常用的评估方法,并对划拨土地使用权权益基准地价评估进行研究,从而提出了基于土地增值收益分配理论的评估方法思路.     

Changing monetary transmission mechanisms within the EU

The paper presents a comparative analysis of monetary transmission mechanisms and changes in them after the secondERM in March 1983. The empirical model investigates the determination of money, income, prices, and interest rates in Germany, Denmark, and Italy based on the cointegratedVAR model. It provides empirical results on the macroeconomic effects of joining theERM and financial deregulation.     

中国政策市的行为思考

本文回顾了中国股市十多年来的政策干预历史,并总结了其中的规律所在:1997年前,政府干预呈现反转模式;1997年后,政府干预呈现趋势模式。文章对该规律的形成给出了行为解释,并据此提出了相关投资建议和政策建议。     

基于地统计学和空间自相关的土壤有机质空间异质性分析及分区土地整治视角

目的 土壤指标是耕地质量分等的依据,其空间异质性和空间自相关性对土地整治分区,以及土地平整工程中的表土剥离、移土培肥和土壤改良等关键技术的实施都具有重要作用。方法 文章以渝西丘陵区的典型基本农田建设区为研究区,综合运用地统计学与Kriging插值法研究0~20cm、20~40cm和40~60 cm土层土壤有机质（SOM）的空间异质性,结合全局和局部空间自相关分析法分析各土层SOM的空间自相关性,并基于LISA聚类图进行SOM分区,进而提出土地整治的应用建议。结果 （1）研究区3层SOM平均含量处于全国第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准的4级,为中等水平。（2）20~40 cm土层SOM的最优模型为球面模型,其余两层均为高斯模型,3层SOM均属于中等变异,受结构性和随机性因素的共同影响,在空间上呈不规则的斑状与块状分布。（3）3层SOM均表现为显著的正空间自相关性及空间集聚特征,高—高（HH）集聚区分布在平坝与丘间谷地,主要为水田,这与水田更有利于SOC的贮存和提高土壤的固碳能力有关,其次为旱地;低—低（LL）集聚区主要分布在南部丘陵区,土地利用类型表现多样化,故丘陵区需重视土壤改良。（4）以表层SOM空间自相关分布特征为主,中、下层为辅,将研究区划分为高SOM集聚区、表层高SOM集聚区、低SOM集聚区和SOM随机分布区4个分区,根据不同分区间SOM含量差异和空间集聚特征,提出了不同的土地整治建议。结论 研究结果体现了SOM含量在剖面和水平空间上高值与低值的集聚特征,更有利于针对性地采取土地整治措施,可作为土地整治分区的重要参考。