Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

内外经济视角破解中国出口贸易发展痼疾——“中美对话”和“平稳转型”探讨

在中国出口贸易发展受到外部环境冲击情况下,国内外学者对出口贸易规模是否能够稳步增长不断提出质疑。在此叙事背景下,通过对出口贸易的发展历程及结构失衡深入剖析,发现内部结构性矛盾才是真正威胁出口贸易持续发展的根源所在,外部需求冲击影响微弱。中美贸易差额的比较研究显示,美国对中国贸易逆差并非特例,消除贸易争端的经济手段则是顺差规模的缩小;中国探寻多元化出口贸易实践是解除贸易商品、国别结构失衡的内在要求,也是长久之计。基于中国内外经济发展运行的特殊性,对外贸易发展研究需要超越开放宏观经济学的理论认识局限。要实现出口贸易稳步发展须兼顾区域平衡目标,解除结构性枷锁。消除出口贸易的区域失衡发展困境是解决对外经济发展问题的根本之所在,制定贸易政策必须以＂省区＂这一基本层面为依据。     

中国金融产业集聚与地区工业化——基于2002年—2010年省际面板数据的分析

金融产业集聚在地区工业化进程中发挥着非常重要的作用。通过区位商法的分析发现,我国东、中、西部地区金融产业的集聚程度有着较大差距,其中东部地区集聚度较高,而中西部地区则集聚度较低。面板数据的计量检验结果表明,金融产业空间集聚的差异对我国三大不同地区工业化产生了不同影响。总体而言,银行业集聚对工业化的影响作用最大,而证券和保险业集聚作用则较小,而对于不同地区、不同省份以及不同时期来说,这一作用也存在着差异。因此,可以通过调整金融业的空间集聚格局来促进工业化的发展。     

中国区域经济差距研究综述

近年来中国东、中、西部地区经济差距有逐渐扩大的趋势,再次引起了政府和学术界的关注。中央在十八大明确提出要实施全国经济协调发展战略,让不同地区的人民都能实现中国梦。实现中国梦的第一前提是公平。而区域差距的扩大显然有违公平原则,在这个大背景下,缩小区域差距便成为中国当前时期一个亟待解决的艰巨任务。参考大量国内外研究区域经济差距的重要文献,按照逐步深入的顺序,从区域经济差距的研究方法到中国区域差距度量和变化趋势,再到中国区域经济差距的成因和对策,依次进行概括总结,并进行了相关评述,提出了一个缩小区域差距的新思路,作为下一步研究的重点方向。     

园林景观规划设计与地域文化

地域文化的缺失导致园林景观规划设计及其实施效果呈现雷同的趋势,通过提出规划设计中地域文化的范畴和意义,强调了体现地域文化在规划设计中的重要性。借助三个实际的规划设计案例从宏观角度提出规划概念应与地域自然特点、人文特点等要素有机结合,从而从微观角度提出设计可采用保留、抽取、融合、再现等手法来体现地域文化。此外,在规划设计中运用地域文化应该注意契合性、创新性、烂漫性及可实施性等的几个方面的问题。     

中部地区实现GDP与城乡居民收入同步增长的制约因素研究——以湖南省为例

我国幅员辽阔,区域经济发展水平参差不齐,想要协调各地区居民收入与经济同步增长的实现程度,统筹全国区域经济的发展,就有必要提倡优先带动落后,找出落后地区的短板,汲取领先地区的经验,最终共同实现同步目标。选取湖南省作为中部地区的代表,上海市、广东省作为东部地区的代表,对三地区2003年至2012年GDP与居民收入同步增长演进特征及制约因素进行比较分析,目的在于以东部地区的发展经验为参照,探究中部地区（以湖南省为代表）实现同步目标的制约因素,并针对具体情况提出相应的政策建议。     

辽宁省矿产资源产业发展战略之思考

文章回顾了辽宁省矿产资源产业的成就、现状,分析了开发中的困难和机遇,剖析了辽宁经济发展中矿产资源产业的地位,提出了辽宁矿产资源勘查开发产业的发展战略     

Social protection and regional convergence in a European Monetary Union

This paper addresses convergence in social protection and GDP in a European Economic and Monetary Union. We evaluate the impact of recently proposed EC social minimum requirements on regional convergence within the EC. Subsequently, we analyze a system of differentiated social norms as a means of raising social protection in countries with lower social standards.     

Potential Spatial Labor and Human Capital Mobility in China: Evidence from College Admissions Under the National College Entrance Examination System

Abstract:

Higher education in China plays an important role in promoting labor and human capital mobility. In this paper, I empirically address the issue of regional disparities, college admissions under the National College Entrance Examination (CEE) system, and potential interregional labor and human capital mobility in China. The results show that examinees from western provinces have a strong preference for coastal universities, compared with examinees from central provinces. College admissions in China then seem to have a stronger effect on potential labor and human capital movement from the western to the coastal regions than from the central to the coastal regions.     

Regional variations in entrepreneurial cognitions: Start-up intentions of university students in Spain

Empirical research has recently paid considerable attention to the role of environmental factors in explaining regional variations in entrepreneurial activity. However, cognitive models have not usually included these factors in their analyses. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify some of the environmental cognitive elements that may explain regional differences in start-up intentions. Thus, an entrepreneurial intention model is developed, theoretically based on the planned behaviour approach, institutional economic theory and social capital theory. The empirical analysis is carried out using structural equation techniques over a sample of 549 final year university students from two Spanish regions (Catalonia and Andalusia). Results confirm that valuation of entrepreneurship in each region helps explain regional differences in entrepreneurial intentions. As expected, social valuation of the entrepreneur was higher in the more developed region (Catalonia), positively affecting perceived subjective norms and behavioural control. In Andalusia, the influence of perceived valuation of the entrepreneur in the closer environment was more important, affecting attitude towards the behaviour and subjective norms. These results explain some of the differences in the pool of potential entrepreneurs in each region. They also justify the need by public-policy decision-makers to promote more positive entrepreneurial values in relatively backward regions.