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1.
High firewood consumption for heating produces high levels of pollution in cities in central and southern Chile, with serious consequences for health and quality of life. Energy efficiency measures (EEMs) have been identified as the best strategy to reduce air pollution and maximize social benefits. However, their adoption has been slow. The objective of this article is to investigate household preferences for financial incentives needed to promote private investments in EEMs in Central-Southern Chilean households and study the role of energy savings and the uncertainty about potential savings in the investment decision, with the aim of finding solutions to increase the adoption of these technologies. We use a choice experiment to explore the trade-off between the investment costs, financial instruments, energy savings, and the uncertainty about achieving the theoretical savings provided by engineering and architectural models. The results show that financial instruments play the most important role in this decision, followed by the savings achieved by the retrofit. Householders prefer to finance their investments with a mix of their personal resources and medium-term credits, trying to avoid long-term commitments. Although uncertainty was found to be a significant variable, it seems to play a small role in the investment decision. 相似文献
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Analyzing publicly traded stocks in Korea surrounding IFRS adoption in 2011, we find that the gap between stock price and firm value, value-to-price (V/P) ratio, narrows following the IFRS adoption and that this narrowed gap is observed only for higher V/P firms. We further find that the return predictability of V/P decreases in the post-IFRS period. Using a path analysis, we report further evidence that mandatory IFRS adoption decreases idiosyncratic volatility and improves trading volume and market liquidity, thereby contributing to the narrowed gap between value and price. We conclude that IFRS adoption contributes to resolution of Korea discount. 相似文献
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南方丘陵区新增耕地质量空间特征研究*——以江西省宜春市为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[目的]粮食安全的根本是在耕地,关键在于耕地质量。目前新增耕地主要源于土地开发项目、城乡建设用地增减挂钩土地复垦项目等,这些新增耕地需要对其开展耕地质量等别评定工作,了解新增耕地的质量状况,分析其空间特征,这对落实国家耕地保护制度、开展农村土地整治工作等具有重要作用。[方法]文章以南方典型丘陵区域——江西省宜春市作为研究区域,在新增耕地质量评价的基础上,运用地统计学、景观生态学、Arcgis空间分析技术和典型相关分析方法,研究宜春市新增耕地质量的空间特征,掌握耕地质量等别的分布规律,了解耕地质量的影响因素,为制定合理的耕地资源利用与保护政策提供依据。[结果](1)Moran′s I值结果表明宜春市2014年新增耕地利用质量在空间分布上的空间自相关性最强,而耕地自然质量空间自相关性最弱。(2)景观破碎度指数结果表明优、高等别的新增耕地质量破碎度大于中、低等别的; 多样性指数结果表明新增耕地质量多样性指数比较大; 优势度指数结果表明新增耕地质量等别优势度指数比较小,与多样性指数结果相呼应; 均匀度指数结果表明,新增耕地质量等别均匀度指数相差不大,新增耕地质量等别比较均匀。(3)质心结果表明2013—2014年间宜春市新增耕地质量的格局整体上是向西南方向变化。[结论]宜春市新增耕地质量不高; 新增耕地的利用水平差异性较小,自然本底状况差异较大; 新增耕地质量等别类型多,各质量等别类型耕地均有增加,耕地质量参差不齐,较高等地的新增耕地相对低等地而言更破碎化; 新增耕地的开发格局向着西南方向移动; 该研究为南方丘陵区的新增耕地保护提供了一定的参考依据。 相似文献
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《Socio》2021
Haze pollution has become a new threat to China's sustainable development, but it may be that local government behaviour can play an important role in the prevention and control of pollutants. A dynamic spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is used to study the relationship between local government competition and haze pollution. To further explore the indirect impact of factor market distortion on haze pollution and control potential endogeneity problems, a newly developed intermediary effect model that incorporates the characteristics of the generalized method of moments (GMM) is utilized to explore how factor market distortion indirectly affects haze pollution. The research results show that regional haze pollution in China is characterized by significant spatial correlation, and local government competition has a positive impact on haze pollution; that is, local government competition exacerbates haze pollution. In general, local government competition not only directly leads to an increase in haze pollution but also further intensifies it by distorting the local factor market, and the intermediary role of factor market distortion is approximately 7.04%. The results of the regional inspection found that competition among local governments in the eastern region did not lead to haze pollution, and distortion of the factor market did not exist as an intermediary effect. However, both direct and intermediary effects are significant in the central and western regions. Therefore, an official performance appraisal system that includes ecological constraints should be established to guide the benign transformation of local government competition, and an environmental management mechanism must be developed for joint prevention and control to reduce haze pollution. In addition, the free flow of factors and marketization are equally important. 相似文献
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Since the level of markets’ information efficiency is key to profiteering by strategic players, Shocks; such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can play a role in the nature of markets’ information efficiency. The martingale difference and conditional heteroscedasticity tests are used to evaluate the Adaptive form of market efficiency for four (4) major stock market indexes in the top four affected economies during the COVID-19 pandemic (USA, Brazil, India, and Russia). Generally, based on the martingale difference spectral test, there is no evidence of a substantial change in the levels of market efficiency for the US and Brazilian stock markets in the short, medium, and long term. However, in the long term, the Indian stock markets became more information inefficient after the coronavirus outbreak while the Russian stock markets become more information efficient. Intuitively, these affect the forecastability and predictability of these markets’ prices and/or returns. Thereby, informing the strategic and trading actions of stock investors (including arbitrageurs) towards profit optimization, portfolio asset selection, portfolio asset adjustment, etc. Similar policy implications are further discussed. 相似文献
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采用SBM-Undesirable模型测算了1999—2017年中部六省的碳排放效率,分别计算了产业结构合理化指数和高级化指数,利用耦合协调模型考察了碳排放效率与产业结构优化的耦合协调度,并对其影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的耦合协调度较低,处在中度失调和中度协调之间,碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度处在中度失调和中度协调之间,但有明显上升的趋势。人力资本、财政支出对中部六省碳排放效率和产业结构合理化的协调发展起到了促进作用,而环境规制、能源结构产生了抑制的作用。人力资本对碳排放效率和产业结构高级化的耦合协调度有正向作用,而外商投资、人均资本、制度质量和能源结构产生了抑制作用。 相似文献
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我国省域农业隐含碳排放及其驱动因素时空动态分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]我国区域农业发展模式由于气候、环境的不同存在较大的差异,而目前针对农业隐含碳的时空动态研究较为缺乏,导致对于区域减排目标的设定缺乏全面的考虑,无法实现农业碳减排的效率性和公平性。因此,有必要分析农业隐含碳排放在不同省域的特征并分析其驱动因素,为制定体现地区间公平性且有效率的碳减排政策提供依据。[方法]文章利用2002年、2007年和2012年3年的投入产出表估算我国各省(市、区)农业隐含碳排放量,根据Kaya恒等关系将其分解为经济规模、经济结构、一般农业技术进步和低碳农业技术进步4类影响因素,并利用LMDI分解分析法对这4类影响因素的驱动力进行了分析。[结果]2002—2012年我国大部分地区农业隐含碳排放量呈上升趋势,空间上呈现从西到东、从南到北逐渐增加的分布规律,经济规模效应在各省份均呈正向驱动,且在经济发展较为迅速、经济增长后劲较强的地区驱动效应逐渐增强;经济结构效应在大部分省份呈负向驱动,且在重型工业的聚集区域负向效应逐渐增强;一般农业技术因素正向驱动区域逐渐扩散,且在农业大省正向驱动效应逐渐增强;低碳农业技术进步因素在东部发达地区负向的驱动效应较强,在西部驱动效应较弱。[结论]在未来的农业减排政策制定过程中,需要充分考虑不同地区的经济发展、产业结构、农业生产等特点。 相似文献