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1.
The behavior and spatial distribution of crime events can be explained through the characterization of an area in terms of its demography, socioeconomy, and built environment. In particular, recent studies on the incidence of crime in a city have focused on the identification of features of the built environment (specific places or facilities) that may increase crime risk within a certain radius. However, it is hard to identify environmental characteristics that consistently explain crime occurrence across cities and crime types. This article focuses on the assessment of the effect that certain types of places have on the incidence of property crime, robbery, and vandalism in three cities of the Valencian region (Spain): Alicante, Castellon, and Valencia. A nonlinear effects model is used to identify such places and to construct a risk map over the three cities considering the three crime types under research. The results obtained suggest that there are remarkable differences across cities and crime types in terms of the types of places associated with crime outcomes. The identification of high-risk areas allows verifying that crime is highly concentrated, and also that there is a high level of spatial overlap between the high-risk areas corresponding to different crime types.  相似文献   
2.
This article offers a bottom‐up contribution to the fixity–motion literature. It aims to unravel the apparent contradiction of real estate spatial fixity in Spain, which is portrayed both as a barrier to accumulation and as a unique source of investment by different capitalist actors. Empirically, it describes the shifts in real estate ownership and changes in profit‐making strategies that have taken place across the real estate sector during the crisis years, and the role of the state in these shifts. The article asserts that the idea of spatial fixity representing a spatial barrier for accumulation does not necessarily apply in the Spanish case. It further claims that the tensions in capital circulation through real estate are not only to be found in the action of time, but in different state strategies pursued by various actors. The opposing representations of fixity are the result of state regulation of interest rates, taxation and risk weighting. The state also increasingly promotes land rents as a source of liquidity creation.  相似文献   
3.
This paper uses a spatial econometrics approach to study the industry risks in China’s stock market. We comprehensively consider the real linkage and information risk transmission channels and analyze the risk spillovers of specific determinants. Our empirical results show the following: 1) The real linkage channel and information channel are both effective transmission channels for driving spillover effects, and the information channel is of the utmost importance. 2) The spillover effects of specific determinants exist and are persistent. The superposition of spillover effects may lead to extreme risk. 3) The transmission channels and spillover effects are asymmetric in different regimes.  相似文献   
4.
Recent methodological developments provide a way to incorporate the temporal dimension when accounting for spatial effects in hedonic pricing. Weight matrices should decompose the spatial effects into two distinct components: bidirectional contemporaneous spatial connections; and unidirectional spatio-temporal effects from past transactions. Our iterative estimation approach explicitly analyses the role of time in price determination. The results show that both spatio-temporal components should be included in model specification; past transaction information stops contributing to price determination after eight months; and limited temporal friction is exhibited within this period. These findings highlight the decidedly non-linear temporal patterns of such information effects.  相似文献   
5.
The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it develops a prediction system to help the credit card issuer model the credit card delinquency risk. Second, it seeks to explore the potential of deep learning (also called a deep neural network), an emerging artificial intelligence technology, in the credit risk domain. With real-life credit card data linked to 711,397 credit card holders from a large bank in Brazil, this study develops a deep neural network to evaluate the risk of credit card delinquency based on the client's personal characteristics and the spending behaviours. Compared with machine-learning algorithms of logistic regression, naive Bayes, traditional artificial neural networks, and decision trees, deep neural networks have a better overall predictive performance with the highest F scores and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The successful application of deep learning implies that artificial intelligence has great potential to support and automate credit risk assessment for financial institutions and credit bureaus.  相似文献   
6.
基于企业技术创新存在空间效应,使用传统的多元线性回归模型进行实证研究可能会存在有偏估计,本文以我国2004-2016 年沪深两市A 股上市公司为研究样本,通过构建绝对地理距离和相对时间距离的空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量分析技术,实证考察了高管团队稳定性与空间关联对企业技术创新绩效的影响。研究发现,一方面,高管团队稳定性越强的企业在技术创新绩效方面越好。另一方面,高管团队稳定性与技术创新绩效存在区域内的空间溢出效应,同一地区的高管团队稳定性对本地区的技术创新绩效有显著的提升作用,本地区的高管团队稳定性受到相邻地区高管团队稳定性的影响,而高铁的开通使得该空间效应更为显著,即使绝对距离较远的地区也能对本地区高管团队稳定性产生空间作用。本文的研究结果对全面认识高管团队稳定性的重要性,促进地方企业技术创新具有重要的政策含义。  相似文献   
7.
基于中国农村普惠金融发展的空间地理特征,依据2006-2015年30个省市相关数据,测算农村普惠金融水平;建立空间自回归模型(SLM)和空间误差模型(SEM)检验普惠金融发展空间集聚效应.结果发现:各省市农村普惠金融指数总体呈上升趋势,农村普惠金融发展空间相关性逐年增强,局部空间差异逐渐缩小.普惠金融集聚与农民收入变化之间存在正空间相关性,普惠金融水平的提高能够促进农民收入水平的提高.鉴此,应加强区域空间金融合作,提高保险业普惠度;加强地方政府之间交流合作,发挥普惠金融集聚辐射作用,推动农民收入水平进一步提高.  相似文献   
8.
Bureaucracies are usually regarded as inefficient, wasteful mechanisms. Contrary to this deeply rooted perception of bureaucracy, this paper documents the case of the correctional authorities in Washington State, a bureaucracy that acted with a considerable degree of innovation and professionalism. Their task was to administer a risk assessment instrument that measured the level of risk posed by offenders by way of a numerical score. They used that score to identify the level of supervision offenders were to receive once released into the community. In analyzing the data, I discovered an unusual application of the instrument that resulted in many offenders being bumped to a higher supervision level. Using a regression discontinuity design, I uncover the mechanics of the bumping-up process and I generate an instrument that is cleansed of the manipulation. I find that the manipulated instrument predicts serious recidivism events better than the cleansed instrument, especially when these events involve high-risk offenders, thus providing evidence that the authorities had good reason to undertake the manipulation.  相似文献   
9.
本文利用全国592个国家级贫困县的数据,采用空间计量模型实证分析了普惠金融对县域资金外流的影响,并验证了贫困县资金外流是否会产生致贫效应。本文研究发现:如果普惠金融只注重解决贫困地区对金融机构的接触性排斥,会进一步加剧资金外流,对减贫产生负向影响,即存在显著的致贫效应。这种致贫效应具有明显的空间外溢性,邻近县域的贫困状况在很大程度上会彼此“传染”,并具有空间衰减特征的地理边界。因而需要客观认识普惠金融的本质,有针对性地选择恰当有效的实施载体,解决好对信贷产品等关键金融服务的使用性排斥问题。  相似文献   
10.
Popular teamwork assessments have been strongly criticized on the grounds of poor psychometric properties and their disconnect with conceptual models of teamwork. These issues raise concerns with respect to our ability to evaluate efforts devoted to advancing teamwork in academia. We report the development of a teamwork assessment that builds on empirically supported conceptualizations of team processes. Two studies were conducted to test and to cross-validate the psychometrics of the resulting measure. In the discussion section, we address the implications of our findings for conceptual models of teamwork and provide guidelines for using the measure in business education.  相似文献   
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