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1.
《The World Economy》2018,41(9):2439-2463
On the basis of development accounting techniques and a factor misallocation framework, we use panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2013 to assess how factor allocation affects economic growth and unbalanced regional development in China. In particular, we decompose economic growth into three parts, namely sector productivity (SP ), factor market efficiency (FME ) and factor endowment (FE ). We then conduct counterfactual analyses to investigate the short and long‐run roles of factor allocation in the income distribution across provinces. The results show that SP , FME and FE can explain 23%, 8.5% and 68.5% of economic growth, while labour, capital and energy reallocation account for aggregate productivity growth of about 47%, −4.8% and −0.1%. Furthermore, when the factors are efficiently allocated, transferring labour (capital, energy) from agriculture (service, industry) to the other sectors will increase the income per capita by 29.5% and 42.5% in the short and long term. Meanwhile, efficient factor allocation accounts for 32% and 29.7% of aggregate productivity and reduces the income variation across provinces by 25.5% and 23% in the short and long run, respectively.  相似文献   
2.
The message of this research is that in the standard calibrated setting of Computational General Equilibrium (CGE) models, the welfare measures typically used to compare benchmark with counterfactuals are numéraire dependent. This evaluation bias affects the compensating variation and the Konüs index of cost of living. We show that the equivalent variation is neutral regarding the choice of value units in calibrated models but would be affected as well in uncalibrated CGE models. We illustrate with a simple example and propose an even simpler theoretical solution to overcome these biases; all that is required to have correct welfare estimates is to compensate normalizing with a suitable price index. This type of correction is necessary to overcome the sometimes blind implementation of welfare measures in numerical general equilibrium analysis. We show that the induced quantitative errors may be substantial providing biased welfare estimates and misleading results.  相似文献   
3.
[目的]恶劣的生态环境和有限的资源驱动着新疆特殊生态系统服务的形成,人类又通过对生态系统服务的消费来满足和提高自身福祉,需要研究其时空变化并辨识主要驱动因素,支持区域可持续发展。[方法]文章构建了融合不同土地利用类型生态系统服务的价值量排序及服务功能强度矩阵的生态系统服务评估体系,并耦合3种关键驱动因子以评估各个因子的驱动强度,实现对生态系统服务热点与冷点变化的驱动及迁移分析。[结果]2000—2010年全疆生态系统服务总体增加,这一时期生态系统服务的热点区大部分转变为2010—2015年的冷点区,且15年来生态系统服务总体呈现小幅下降趋势。3个时期北疆和南疆人为干扰强度均呈增加趋势,由其驱动的生态系统服务则相应减小;南疆地区植被覆盖范围极其有限,故对生态系统服务驱动强度低;降水在北疆和南疆都能够产生高生态系统服务,但降水量的不稳定性能够使生态系统服务产生较大波动。相比于南疆地区,北疆生态系统在外界干扰下能够体现出更强的抗性和整体性,从而实现相对高效的生态系统服务输出。[结论]对关键驱动因子作用下的生态系统服务进行时空变化分析,有助于理解当地生态系统产生变化的原因,从而为当地生态环境保护提供参考。  相似文献   
4.
[目的]为探索粮食绿色增产模式,推进农业供给侧结构性改革和绿色可持续发展。[方法]分别运用SBM-ML指数模型与DEA Malmquist指数模型对2004—2016年河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率和传统全要素生产率进行测算和对比分析,并采用ESDA法探讨了粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的空间关联性。[结果]河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率明显低于传统全要素生产率; 2004—2016年河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率的驱动因素经历了由技术进步驱动转变为技术效率驱动再转变为技术进步和技术效率共同驱动的过程,但技术进步的贡献率明显高于技术效率; 河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的二元全局空间自相关大体呈“N”型变化,粮食绿色全要素生产率和粮食产出由不平衡发展逐渐趋向平衡发展。[结论]忽视碳排放的传统粮食全要素生产率测算与实际有较大偏差。建议通过转变发展模式,探索粮食绿色增产道路; 因地制宜,有效利用技术进步和技术效率双轮驱动; 不断推进河南省粮食绿色全要素生产率与粮食产出的平衡发展3项措施来实现粮食生产的综合提升。  相似文献   
5.
目的 在全球努力实现联合国可持续发展目标背景下,综合评价近10年广西农业生产效率、农业全要素生产率及其时空演化特征,解析其驱动因子,为提高广西农业生产效率提供支持,为广西可持续发展目标评价提供依据。方法 文章基于2008—2017年广西14个地级市农业生产投入与产出数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)、Malmquist指数和Tobit模型,评价广西农业生产效率与农业全要素生产率及其时空演变特征,解析其驱动因素。结果 (1)近10年广西农业生产效率水平较低,研究期间总体表现为DEA无效且规模收益递减;空间差异大,各市农业生产效率呈现不同的时间变化特征,仅梧州市、北海市和钦州市一直处于农业生产效率DEA有效。(2)广西农业全要素生产率(TFP)呈波动增长态势,技术进步是农业全要素生产率增长的主要驱动力;桂东北(桂林市、梧州市、贵港市)、桂南(北海市、防城港市、钦州市)是广西农业全要素生产率较高的地区。(3)农业生产效率影响因素中,耕地有效灌溉率、农业科技是促进因素,与农业生产效率呈显著正相关;单位面积化肥施用强度、政府投入、单位耕地农机动力是限制因素,与农业生产效率呈显著负相关;技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率是农业全要素生产率提升的促进因素。结论 近10年,广西农业生产效率与全要素生产率整体较低,时空差异大;应增加农业科技投入,增强农业基础设施建设,提高规模化水平,以提升广西农业生产效率。  相似文献   
6.
广东作为改革开放的前沿阵地,社会经济和旅游业的快速发展吸引了众多国际酒店集团的入驻。本文以洲际酒店集团为例,探讨其在广东扩张的时空分布特征。研究表明:①洲际酒店集团在广东的扩张进程可划分为摸索阶段(1981—2000年)、成长阶段(2001—2010年)和快速扩张阶段(2011—2020年);②洲际酒店集团的扩张具有市场集中度高,多品牌结构战略,管理合同为主、特许经营为辅的经营模式等特征;③在空间布局上,以珠三角为中心,向西翼、粤北山区扩散。  相似文献   
7.
Abstract

Global tourism growth is unprecedented. Consequently, this has elevated the sector as a key plank for economic development, and its utility is deeply embedded in political, economic and social-ecological discourse. Where the expansion of the sector leverages natural and cultural landscapes, this applies pressure to social and ecological underpinnings that if not reconciled, can become problematic. The way this plays out in Australia’s Shipwreck Coast and the wider Great Ocean Road region, especially the implications for community resilience, is the focus. Emphasis is placed on the vulnerability of peripheral coastal areas to development that withdraws from destination endowments, yet fails to provide commensurate economic yield as a suitable trade-off. This is obvious where tourism intensification has led to concerns about the breach of normative carrying capacities. Temporal overtourism driven by seasonal overcrowding is countenanced as emblematic of tourism in the Anthropocene where focus tends to be largely growth-oriented, with much less attention given to bolstering social-ecological resilience, especially community resilience. At stake is the resilience of regional areas and their communities, who in the absence of garnering commensurate economic returns from tourism expansion find themselves in social and ecological deficit.  相似文献   
8.
The complexity of value‐based management (VBM) is often not captured in empirical research. In particular, potential differences in the extent of VBM implementation are not considered. Firms are predominantly classified dichotomously into either VBM “adopters” or “non‐adopters.” In this study, we aim to fill this gap by introducing a framework to assess differences in the extent of VBM implementation (VBM‐sophistication) based on publicly available data. This approach enables us to study determinants of VBM‐sophistication based on a hand‐collected data set comprising 2,683 firm‐year observations from 16 European countries between 2005 and 2014. Specifically, we investigate (i) whether potential economic benefits associated with VBM implementation lead to a higher level of VBM‐sophistication, and (ii) if this relation is influenced by extra‐organizational institutions (e.g., industry norms). Our results indicate that companies exhibit higher VBM‐sophistication if certain firm characteristics that increase the potential economic benefits of VBM are present. Moreover, our study provides evidence that this effect is enhanced by extra‐organizational institutions that pressure and support firms in realizing the potential benefits of higher VBM‐sophistication.  相似文献   
9.
The quantification of operational risk has become an important issue as a result of the new capital charges required by the Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) to cover the potential losses of this type of risk. In this paper, we investigate second-order approximation of operational risk quantified with spectral risk measures (OpSRMs) within the theory of second-order regular variation (2RV) and second-order subexponentiality. The result shows that asymptotically two cases (the fast convergence case and the slow convergence) arise depending on the range of the second-order parameter. We also show that the second-order approximation under 2RV is asymptotically equivalent to the slow convergence case. A number of Monte Carlo simulations for a range of empirically relevant frequency and severity distributions are employed to illustrate the performance of our second-order results. The simulation results indicate that our second-order approximations tend to reduce the estimation errors to a great degree, especially for the fast convergence case, and are able to capture the sub-extremal behavior of OpSRMs better than the first-order approximation. Our asymptotic results have implications for the regulation of financial institutions, and may provide further insights into the measurement and management of operational risk.  相似文献   
10.
[目的]对甘孜州各县市的发展状况进行研究探讨,为区域可持续发展策略的制定实施提供科学依据,对提升县域发展水平和发展质量具有重要意义。[方法]建立涵盖经济、社会、资源环境三大模块共计24项指标的评价体系,选取发展较快的2007—2014年为研究时段,运用极差法、改进熵值法、耦合协调度模型与GIS工具,对甘孜州各县市的发展水平进行综合评价与分析。[结果](1)全州综合发展水平指数平均值为0. 500 8,发展水平整体较低,其中康定市得分最高,石渠县最低,县市之间呈现两级分化。(2) 2007—2014年全州综合发展指数平均增幅0. 262 6,年均增速13. 77%,所有县市均处于上升过程,但县市之间增速不一,发展差距逐步扩大。(3)全州发展协调度平均值为0. 390 5,协调度较低,各县市均处于轻度失调或濒临失调水平。(4)发展水平、活力、协调度较高县市均集聚于州东部和南部,尤以东路片区最为典型。[结论]下一阶段需依据各县市实际,立足优势,制定实施合理的发展规划,缩小区域差异,提升综合发展水平。  相似文献   
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