基于LMDI模型的世界甘蔗增产要素研究

[目的]甘蔗增产是在食糖消费持续增长趋势下,世界糖业市场稳定的重要原因。揭示甘蔗增产要素,不仅能为甘蔗生产市场监测提供必要的理论支撑,而且还可以发现资源环境约束下甘蔗可持续发展的路径选择。[方法]基于LMDI模型,文章从世界和国别两个视角,剖析世界甘蔗增产的主要贡献因素。[结果]1961—2014年世界甘蔗生产逐渐向优势区域集中,产量提升2倍,其中70%增产源于播种面积扩张,30%来自单产提升;面积扩张对多数国家甘蔗增产的贡献大于单产提高,中国甘蔗增产同样得力于面积扩张,但单产提升显著,贡献率高达34%,位居世界前列;甘蔗生产中的资源环境问题逐渐凸显,现有的甘蔗增产模式已给脆弱的生态环境造成了深远的负面影响。[结论]资源环境约束背景下,转变甘蔗增产模式迫在眉睫,必须加快由依赖面积扩张的粗放型增长模式向单产提升的集约型生产模式转变的步伐,方可实现中国乃至世界甘蔗糖业的可持续发展。     

The Rise and Decline of Small‐Scale Sugarcane Production in South Africa: A Historical Perspective

South Africa's sugar industry has long been distinguished by its large number of small‐scale sugarcane growers (SSGs) farming on ‘communal’ land and its peculiar privately administered regulatory structure. In recent years, however, the numbers of small‐scale growers have declined precipitously. This paper argues that the relationship between the rise and fall of SSG production and the industry's governing regulatory structure is closer than usually appreciated. The emergence of SSG production in the late 1970s and the 1980s can be traced to industry‐subsidized initiatives, disguised as small‐scale credit, to bring commercially inalienable Bantustan land into cane production with strong miller oversight. From the late 1980s to 1990s, however, the elimination of these subsidies encouraged millers to subcontract support to farmers, while simultaneously instigating an increase in SSG numbers by removing restrictions on grower registration. Although low rainfall is a central proximal factor in the rapid decline of the SSGs in the 2000s, their rapid increase was structurally fragile.     

甘蔗全程机械化示范推广基地建设的实践与分析

甘蔗是我国南方最主要的经济作物,近年受糖业市场低迷、人工成本高涨、种蔗效益低微等因素的影响,广大蔗农对甘蔗种植前景持疑虑态度,蔗糖产业面临严峻挑战。如何客观面对现状,有效解决甘蔗种植成本高、劳动强度大、效益低的发展难题,文章以广东农垦所属的广垦农机服务有限公司千亩甘蔗全程机械化示范推广基地2012年跨2013年生产期的实践经验为例,深入探讨、分析以建设发展甘蔗全程机械化示范推广基地模式推动甘蔗产业发展的经营思路。     

湛江农垦蔗糖产业现代化生产与管理的探讨简

分析湛江农垦蔗糖产业的发展现状及存在的影响蔗糖产业发展效益的主、客观因素,对湛江农垦加快现代化蔗糖产业发展提出一些生产和管理上的措施与建议。     

农作物区域产量保险：国际实践及遁用性分析

摘要：区域产量保险设计初衷,旨在应对以个体实际损失为理赔依据的传统型农业保险所面临的挑战,包括道德风险、逆向选择及管理成本偏高、服务效率偏低等问题。目前区域产量保险在美国和印度等国家得到广泛实践,其经验值得我国参考和借鉴。糖料蔗是广西最主要的经济作物,由于传统型农业保险的缺陷在广西糖料蔗表现尤为突出,导致糖料蔗种植保险推广面临较大阻力。区域产量保险应用于广西糖料蔗有一定的优势,但也面临挑战,且有赖于一系列限制条件的满足,需要科学制定风险区划、制定客观的理赔依据、营造良好的信用环境等。     

Critical Areas and Entry Points for Sustainability‐Related Strategies in the Sugarcane‐Based Ethanol Industry of Brazil

This study reveals five critical areas that Brazil's sugarcane‐based ethanol industry could capitalize on to incorporate sustainability into their firms' strategies. The emergent theoretical framework represents a starting point for further investigations aimed at integrating the sustainability construct and strategies for the industry. A growing body of literature calls for strategic management to adapt to complex and ever‐changing environments and sustainability trends. For many firms in developing economies, sustainability remains isolated from mainstream strategy, resulting in reactive approaches on the part of management. A qualitative research method – grounded theory – was used to induct from data. Five themes emerged from the analysis providing guidance on where sustainability‐related strategies ought to begin. This research posits that existing sectoral innovation systems could be used to channel sustainability‐driven innovations. In addition, a combination of public and private efforts to foster innovations based on the emergent themes could increase the value of industry under study, while lessening its social and environmental footprint. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

产糖区利用生物质制备乙酰丙酸的研究进展

在蔗糖业中开展生物炼制,利用生物质开发绿色平台小分子(如乙酰丙酸),是解决能源危机的重要途径,也符合蔗糖业规避风险和提高市场应变能力的要求.文章分析了蔗糖制备乙酰丙酸的原理和催化剂选择,并以几种固体无机酸催化为例说明,制备中可采用超声-微波协同技术提高生产效率,高效液相色谱法在分离提纯产品中能发挥较好作用.     

Bridging skills demand and supply in South Africa: The role of public and private intermediaries

ABSTRACT

Demand-led skills development requires linkages and coordination between firms and education and training organisations, which are major challenges considering that each represents a ‘self-interested’ entity. The need for a ‘collaborative project’ involving government, firms, universities and colleges, and other bodies is thus increasingly recognised. However, the crucial role of intermediaries has been largely overlooked. The article addresses this gap by investigating the main roles of public and private intermediaries across three case studies: sugarcane growing and milling, automotive component manufacturing, and the Square Kilometre Array sectoral systems of innovation. The research highlights the need for a move towards systemic thinking, to bridge across public and private objectives. It shows that private intermediaries play a larger role than is recognised in policy; that public–private intermediaries play crucial roles in coordination; and the potential for public intermediaries to contribute more effectively to systemic functioning.     

Land and contract farming: Changes in the distribution and meanings of land in Kilombero,Tanzania

In the context of contract farming of sugarcane in an outgrower scheme in Tanzania, this paper explores how the scheme has fundamentally altered people's relationships with the land over the last 50 years, in particular, since 1999, when, after three decades, the sugar parastatal was privatized. The paper reviews the literature on the mutual relationship between contract farming and land ownership and examines the scheme with a focus on long-term changes in the forms of land acquisitions and land use. We argue that the meaning and importance of landownership in contract farming schemes needs to be reassessed if participation in contract farming entails a departure from previous forms of acquiring land, generates new spatial patterns of agricultural production, and necessitates additional economic and social resources in order to transform land into an economic asset.