当代西方政府改革与治理中常用的市场化工具

市场机制及工商管理技术(市场化工具)在政府治理中日益加强地应用,成为2 1世纪西方行政管理改革与发展的一般趋势。当代西方政府改革与治理中常用民营化、用者付费、合同外包等十几种市场化工具     

Internet impacts on supply chain management

The traditional way of managing supply chains has changed dramatically over the last 5 years. Face-to-face management, manual tracking systems, paper-dominated order processing systems, and wired communication links were the primary management tools available to logistics managers. Today, they are obsolete. The article provides an overview of some of the new tools and trends discussed in this issue, including website structure, e-purchasing, electronic marketplaces, building vendor relationships, and the use of the Internet in managing supply chains in China.     

农民工就业信息服务工具的设计

就业信息服务工具按内容可分为实物工具、政策工具和方法工具。目前公共就业服务机构所提供的农民工就业信息服务在方法、流程和标准上都存在设计缺陷,难以满足农民工日益增长的求职需要。采取整合设计的思路,细化就业信息服务流程、强化就业信息服务评估,完善就业信息服务内容、规范就业信息服务标准,是提升农民工就业服务水平的必由之路。     

市场竞争中的营销策略工具研究

随着通信行业全业务市场竞争环境变化与竞争程度加剧,三方对手均面临着巨大的挑战和机遇。为了切实解决运营商集团客户保有和市场拓展问题,促进可持续发展,文章采取营销策划的研究方法,从满足客户需求、增进客户忠诚、提高产品粘性的角度出发,设计针对重点集团客户和中高端客户目标市场的营销策略工具供客户经理使用。     

谈数控机床故障诊断与维修教学的几点体会

数控机床故障诊断与维修课程是培养数控技术实用型人才的一门重要专业课,它的教学效果直接影响到数控技术人才的培养规格和质量。本文结合自己从事数控机床故障诊断与维修的教学及工作经验,介绍在数控机床故障诊断与维修教学中的一些方法和体会。     

Statistical Thinking in Empirical Enquiry

This paper discusses the thought processes involved in statistical problem solving in the broad sense from problem formulation to conclusions. It draws on the literature and in-depth interviews with statistics students and practising statisticians aimed at uncovering their statistical reasoning processes. From these interviews, a four-dimensional framework has been identified for statistical thinking in empirical enquiry. It includes an investigative cycle, an interrogative cycle, types of thinking and dispositions. We have begun to characterise these processes through models that can be used as a basis for thinking tools or frameworks for the enhancement of problem-solving. Tools of this form would complement the mathematical models used in analysis and address areas of the process of statistical investigation that the mathematical models do not, particularly areas requiring the synthesis of problem-contextual and statistical understanding. The central element of published definitions of statistical thinking is "variation". We further discuss the role of variation in the statistical conception of real-world problems, including the search for causes.     

非语言交际对利玛窦在华传教的影响

明末清初时期,利玛窦与中国士大夫的交往是其在华传教活动的重要组成部分,其中非语言因素在其成功交际中起着重要的作用。利玛窦利用服饰的变化表明自己的身份和立场,借用西洋器物传播西方先进的科技文明,通过著书立说的形式广结权贵,施展个人魅力笼络人心。利玛窦与中国士大夫阶层的紧密互动为其在中国传教奠定了基础并开创了新的格局。     

A conceptual framework for public-private interplay in the telecommunications sector

Public activity in the telecommunications industry has experienced important transformations in the last decade: “reinvolvement” in infrastructure deployment, “innovative” boosting measures, and decentralisation of some decisions. Conceptually, even more important than the measures themselves is the fact that private agents often participate in their realisation and execution. This paper reviews how justifications for public action that would apply to any economic activity area have modelled the public-private relationship in the telecommunications sector. Subsequently, it focuses on the analysis of the new spaces for public-private collaboration that are currently opening up.     

The use of ex-ante modelling tools in European Impact Assessment: What role does land use play?

Impact Assessment was introduced by the European Commission in 2002 in order to make policy development more transparent and improve the ‘quality’ of European policies. Cross-sectoral consultation, broad participation and the quantitative assessment of the impacts of policies are significant elements of this process. This article specifically addresses the role of tools modelling the impact of policies on land use in Impact Assessment. The choice of a specific modelling tool is conceptualised as an action situation interlinked with other action arenas. The article aims to uncover the institutions structuring the action situation. The outcome of the empirical work suggests that two types of Impact Assessments can be distinguished. Impact Assessments either substantively contribute to the specific policy that the Commission proposes or they legitimise policy choices ex post that have already been adopted. The legislative procedure that applies to a specific policy sector, the policy making culture in the DG and the stakes that are at issue seem to influence whether Impact Assessments contribute to policy development, or legitimise it. Furthermore, the article describes the situation in which desk officers choose a modelling tool throughout Impact Assessment. To advance their careers desk officers aim to produce policy proposals which respond to the issues raised by the actors involved in Impact Assessment and specifically in policy development and, later on, adoption. Therefore, desk officers’ preferences are shaped by the community that is involved in policy development and Impact Assessment. The article describes what role modelling tools play in European Impact Assessment procedures and it names the heuristic of criteria which desk officers use to choose a modelling tool. Besides several technical and data problems of modelling land use impact, it seems to be unlikely that land use will become a significant dimension of Impact Assessment and modelling as it is confronted with an unfavourable institutional environment at the European level.     

A promotion mix budgeting model for retailing

Our two-equation model of retail promotion provides a well-balanced explanation of both retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and their budget allocation across the promotion mix. While previous studies have examined each of these two components separately, few have integrated both in the one study. Factor analysis was used to simplify the choices of promotion tools. This reduced the number of promotion tools to four, namely mass media, in-store promotion, sales promotion/direct mail and personal selling. We support earlier studies which link budget promotion mix spending (behaviour) to perceptions about the effectiveness of each medium (attitude). The range of determinants of perceptions has been extended by incorporating the roles of retail strategy, store ownership, culture and promotion intensity. We have estimated the budget promotion mix equation using a production function theoretical framework. Although this makes little difference to the strong relationship between retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and budget allocations, the theoretical framework does enable formal estimation of cross-media substitution. We find that the two short-term oriented promotion media are substitutes. Our model has been applied to apparel retailing in Australia, with considerable scope for applications to other retail categories and to other countries.