A study on motivation differences among traditional festival visitors based on demographic characteristics,case study: Gol-Ghaltan festival,Iran

Villages and cities have a growing tendency to share their culture and nature with tourists by developing events. This article aims to identify motivational factors influencing visitors' attendance in traditional festivals and then analyzing significant motivation differences among visitors based on their demographic differences. The statistical sample is domestic tourists who visited the 8th Gol-Ghaltan Festival, Iran in 2015. The convenience sampling method has been used and 287 acceptable questionnaires were acquired. Factor analysis has determined six important motivational factors, including “Gol-Ghaltan and Family,” “Cultural Exploration,” “Socialization,” “Supporting Local Community and Heritage,” “Event Novelty,” and “Escape.” Most of these factors are coinciding with previous literature on cultural events except first and fourth factors. Results of T-test and ANOVA show that visitors in various demographic groups have significant differences in the motivational factors. Finally, in accordance with the findings of the research, practical suggestions are presented for managers and marketers of this event.     

Chinese consumers’ preferences for food quality test/measurement indicators and cues of milk powder: A case of Zhengzhou,China

Many food regulations focus on test/measurement indicators, such as hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) and traceability, etc. Other than these indicators, the food industry uses various cues such as product origin as indicators of product quality. However, in an environment where consumers’ confidence in food safety is low due to frequent food safety scandals, little is known about the efficiency of these test/measurement indicators and cues. This paper used the primary data collected in Zhengzhou (China) to estimate consumers’ preferences for test/measurement indicators and a new cue of “own farm” for milk powder. Our results show that country of origin is the most important cue attribute, followed by price and own farm. The importance of test/measurement indicators such as organic, traceability, and HACCP certification is relatively low. Also, the individual parameter estimates show that consumers’ preferences for test/measurement indicators currently in the market are weak and fragile. Interestingly, price has an inverse-U-shaped relationship with consumer utility, implying that Chinese consumers may perceive low-price milk powder as low quality. The results of this study provide important insight for regulatory authorities and the food industry to develop more effective policies and programs to improve consumer preferences for milk powder.     

COMPARING PPP WITH TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT: THE CASE OF SCHOOLS PROCUREMENT IN IRELAND

Advocates of public‐private partnerships (PPPs) argue that they can deliver public infrastructure more efficiently than traditional procurement through timelier completion and superior value for money. Despite these claims comparative analysis of the performance of both procurement methods has received scant attention in the PPP literature to date. This paper addresses this issue by providing an in‐depth, case‐based comparison of PPP versus traditional procurement in the schools sector in Ireland. Through detailed semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders and an examination of the available documentation, we assess whether the key objectives of using PPP have been achieved. Overall, we find no evidence that PPP leads to faster delivery of infrastructure when the overall procurement process from contract notice to delivery is accounted for. In addition, we find only limited evidence to suggest that PPP results in better value for money.     

建造蕴含竹文化的竹旅游景观研究

竹旅游景观研究结果表明:竹旅游景观资源有竹子植物园、竹主题观赏园、竹景点、竹盆景、竹艺术观赏园、竹文化园6种;竹与精神文化、生活文化、工艺文化、艺术文化等中国传统文化具有历史渊源关系;竹具有其独特的竹韵、竹色、竹境等自然美学特性;造景方式有孤植、丛植、群植、竹径、竹篱、盆栽6种;充分挖掘竹的自然旅游资源、历史人文资源和现代社会旅游资源,设计与建造出蕴含竹文化的竹旅游景观。     

论"入世"后我国农产品市场不利因素的逆转性

“入世”对我国农产品市场虽然会造成诸多不利因素，然而，这些因素将会得到逆转。这是因为：一方面，“入世”后，这些因素客观上具有逆转的必然性；另一方面，通过调整农村产业结构、扩大集约化规模经营以及实施各种利农政策，从主观上说，这些不利因素亦具有逆转的可能性。     

虚拟财务管理研究

为了适应全球经济一体化的新形势，使财务管理满足国际化的要求，文章提出了虚拟财务管理概念，阐述了虚拟财务管理的特点及其与传统财务管理的区别，论述了虚拟财务管理的基本内容，分析了实现虚拟财务管理存在的障碍和困难并提出了改进建议。     

烟台发达县市走新型工业化道路剖析

走新型工业化道路是目前烟台实现工业可持续发展及加快现代化进程的必然选择。烟台市进入全国县域经济百强县(市)的龙口、招远、蓬莱三市把发展新型工业化作为推动当地工业经济、县域经济发展的重中之重来抓,并根据自身特点、经济、资源等条件,走出了一条各具特色的新型工业化之路。但是,要进一步提高新型工业化水平,还有诸多制约因素,需采取切实可行的措施加以解决。     

从传统文化看我国信用体系的构建

本文通过对中国传统信用文化特色的分析,指出我国信用体系的构建需要利用我国的传统文化资源。     

重构企业R＆D项目战略投资决策方法体系

传统的投资决策方法是一种建立在广泛应用的以货币的时间价值为基础的投资决策方法,它已越来越不能适应当今充满不确定性和竞争性的市场需要.实物期权方法比传统的折现现金流法（DCF）更适合来分析不确定条件下的投资决策问题,但仅凭实物期权方法还不能对不完全竞争环境下的企业R＆D项目战略投资问题进行准确分析和估价,而引入期权博弈理论恰好能克服这些缺陷.文章从理论上阐述了重构企业R＆D项目投资决策方法体系的可能性和必要性,并由此提出了研究的基本框架.     

传统运输企业向现代物流企业转变的分析与对策

分析物流的特点及其在国民经济及企业发展中的地位，分析传统运输企业向现代物流企业转化的客观市场条件，结合我国物流发展现状，讨论我国传统运输企业向现代物流企业转变的必要性与可行性，进而分析我国发展物流业存在的问题和机遇，并提出传统运输企业向现代物流企业发展的对策和建议。