Application of evidential reasoning approach and OWA operator weights in road safety evaluation considering the best and worst practice frontiers

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has recently become relatively popular with road safety experts. Therefore, various decision-making units (DMUs), such as EU countries, have been assessed in terms of road safety performance (RSP). However, the DEA has been criticized because it evaluates DMUs based only on the concept of self-assessment, and, therefore does not provide a unique ranking for DMUs. Therefore, cross efficiency method (CEM) was developed to overcome this shortcoming. Peer-evaluations in addition to self-evaluation have made the CEM to be recognized as an effective method for ranking DMUs. The traditional CEM is based only on the standard CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) model, and it evaluates DMUs according to their position relative to the best practice frontier while neglecting the worst practice frontier. However, the DMUs can also be assessed based on their position relative to the worst practice frontier. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a double-frontier CEM for assessing RSP by taking into account the best and worst frontiers simultaneously. For this purpose, the cross efficiency and cross anti-efficiency matrices are generated.Even though a weighted average method (WAM) is most frequently used for cross efficiency aggregation, the decision maker's (DM) preference structure may not be reflected. For this reason, the present study mainly focuses on the evidential reasoning approach (ERA), as a nonlinear aggregation method, rather than the linear WAM. Equal weights are often used for cross efficiency aggregation; consequently, the effect of the DM's subjective judgments in obtaining the overall efficiency is ignored. In this respect, the minimax entropy approach (MEA) and the maximum disparity approach (MMDA) are applied for determining the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator weights for cross efficiency aggregation. The weighted cross efficiencies and cross anti-efficiencies are then aggregated using the ERA. Finally, the proposed method, called DF-CEM-ERA, is used to evaluate the RSP of EU countries as well as Serbian police departments (PDs).     

The pro-cyclicality of risk weights for credit exposures: Driven by the retail segment

This paper examines the pro-cyclicality of implicit risk weights of credit exposures and the potential contribution of accommodative monetary policy using data for the Czech Republic. The empirical results indicate that risk weights behave pro-cyclically under the IRB approach and acyclically under the STA approach. The pro-cyclical behaviour of IRB risk weights is caused primarily by the retail exposures, the strongest effects being in the highest and lowest quantiles of risk weights. The risk weights for retail exposures behave pro-cyclically not only with regard to the business cycle, but also with respect to the financial cycle and house price growth. In addition, monetary policy easing contributes to the pro-cyclicality in higher quantiles of risk weights.     

Calibration Weighting Methods for Complex Surveys

This paper presents a careful investigation of the three popular calibration weighting methods: (i) generalised regression; (ii) generalised exponential tilting and (iii) generalised pseudo empirical likelihood, with a major focus on computational aspects of the methods and some empirical evidences on calibrated weights. We also propose a simple weight trimming method for range‐restricted calibration. The finite sample behaviour of the weights obtained by the three calibration weighting methods and the effectiveness of the proposed weight trimming method are examined through limited simulation studies.     

变权公式中参数α的性态分析

本文运用公平理论模式分析了决策者在决策指标变化时的心理反应状况对变权公式中参数α取值的影响,并给出了两者之间的量化关系式。     

基于组合赋权的银行信用评价模型研究

信用评级是商业银行对客户偿债能力和偿债意愿的计量和评价,反映了客户违约风险的大小。通过对评价指标的海选和筛选构建了信用综合评价指标体系,用客观赋权的离差最大化法和主观赋权的组合确定指标最优权重,建立了基于组合赋权方法的银行信用评价模型。通过组合赋权,既保留了客观赋权对实际情况的真实反映,又反映了主观赋权体现了专家的知识与经验。     

国际油气勘探开发项目风险研究——基于变权理论

国际油气勘探开发项目从资源丰度到技术难度、从政治形势到经济效益,都蕴含了诸多的风险,但已有的研究中通常使用常权评价模型,从而降低了项目的总体风险,隐没了突出问题的严重性,从而失去了评价的公正性和有效性。本文结合变权理论,构建了多层次、多目标的变权综合评价模型,计算项目风险的变权综合评价值。其中,通过对评价值上限和下限的引用,对关键风险指标设置了＂门槛＂条件,凸显了关键风险因素对决策的决定意义;而α取值的确定,也反映了决策者的目标取向。最后,本文通过项目案例验证了变权综合评价方法在国际油气合作项目风险评价中应用的有效性。     

Proportionality and the power of unequal parties

In this paper we introduce the concept of an overall power function that is meant to combine two sources of a party's power in a parliament. The first source is based on the possibilities for the party to be part of a majority coalition and it is typically modeled using a cooperative simple game. The second source takes into account parties' asymmetries outside the cooperative game and it is displayed by a vector of exogenously given weights. We adopt a normative point of view and provide an axiomatic characterization of a specific overall power function, in which the weights enter in a proportional fashion.     

冷链物流配送中心选址评价研究

冷链物流配送中心选址评价研究,可以从以下两方面考虑:一是怎么建立评价指标体系,二是采用什么样的评价方法。基于此,文章首先分析了冷链物流配送中心选址的影响因素,在此基础上建立了选址评价指标体系,然后提出了以NHP法和EM法组合确定指标权重、以FCE法进行效果分析的评价方法。     

基于PCA的小波多分辨图像融合方法

提出小渡多分辨率下主成份分析（PCA）的图像融合方法。首先利用小波变换对融合图像进行多分辨率分解，然后利用主成份分析方法确定图像小波低频近似系数的洎适应融合权重，采用局部区域“能量”法进行小渡高频细节系数的融合，最后将小波融合系数逆变换实现图像的融合处理。实验结果证实融合图像的目标特征突出，易于目视解译。