Term Structures in the Office Rental Market in Stockholm

This paper contains an empirical study of the rental term structure in a property market that included a dramatic boom and bust cycle. The study is applied to office leases in commercial properties located in Stockholm CBD, Sweden. The time period under study is 1977–1991. The number of observations (lease contracts) that we were able to make full use of in the regression analyses is n=861. For seven out of fifteen years studied, a significant term structure was observed. The estimated hedonic rent equation was also used to construct an office rental index.     

个性化心理干预对老年2型糖尿病伴高血压患者治疗的影响

为探讨个性化心理干预对老年2型糖尿病合并高血压患者治疗的影响,文章将2012年6月-2013年6月本科确诊的老年2型糖尿病伴高血压患者收治的200例,随机平均分为研究组和对照组,2组患者均由2名以上医生根据患者病情给予正规降糖、降压口服药物治疗。研究组在正规药物治疗基础上,再根据患者不同年龄、文化层次采取个性化的心理干预。2组疗程12周,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者治疗前后的焦虑、抑郁程度,同时观测治疗前后2组患者的血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、腰臀比指标的变化情况。结果显示:2组在治疗前SAS和SDS评分无统计学差异;12周后研究组患者不仅SAS、SDS标准分与对照组比有显著差异(P0.05),研究组血压、血糖、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、腰臀比与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05)。说明应用适当的心理干预,对于老年性2型糖尿病伴高血压患者的生活质量并有效控制血压、血糖具有良好效果。     

Reserves and cash flows under stochastic retirement

Uncertain time of retirement and uncertain structure of retirement benefits are risk factors for life insurance companies. Nevertheless, classical life insurance models assume these are deterministic. In this paper, we include the risk from stochastic time of retirement and stochastic benefit structure in a classical finite-state Markov model for a life insurance contract. We include discontinuities in the distribution of the retirement time. First, we derive formulas for appropriate scaling of the benefits according to the time of retirement and discuss the link between the scaling and the guarantees provided. Stochastic retirement creates a need to rethink the construction of disability products for high ages and ways to handle this are discussed. We show how to calculate market reserves and how to use modified transition probabilities to calculate expected cash flows without significantly more complexity than in the traditional model. At last, we demonstrate the impact of stochastic retirement on market reserves and expected cash flow in numerical examples.     

基于发展预期的农户退耕还林后续产业参与行为影响因素分析——对辽宁省农户的实证研究

以辽宁省为例,利用对彰武、北票的农户调查数据,分析了农户参与后续产业的预期,并通过二分类Logistic模型对农户参与退耕还林后续产业行为的影响因素进行了计量经济分析。研究表明,农户参与后续产业预期不高;农户参与后续产业既受到地块特征等自然因素的影响,也受到户主受教育程度等家庭因素的影响,农户的决策行为表现为有限理性。     

Time and process in business network research

This Special Issue of Industrial Marketing Management brings together a range of articles by authors who have undertaken the difficult task of researching time and process in business networks. Understanding interaction processes within a business relationship and network perspective requires the elaboration of time, the central construct by which humans grasp and comprehend change. As an introduction to the articles we present the concept of human time and delineate accordingly three methodological approaches available for the study of network processes. We also introduce the authors' contributions to the special issue that broadly divide into two groups: those that deal with methodological issues concerning the study of processes in business networks and those that consider the role of time and timing for studying business processes.     

Globalization and Uncertainty: Earnings Volatility in Sweden, 1985–2003

Earnings volatility has been linked to economic integration only through contradictory conjectures. We assess globalization’s role by examining volatility trends in manufacturing, private services, and public services. If trade increases uncertainty, volatility trends should differ markedly across industries since manufacturing, in contrast to especially public services, is exposed to international competition. We analyze earnings trajectories in Sweden 1985–2003, a country and period evincing accelerating trade, finding no indications of greater volatility increases in manufacturing.     

FLOWS OF THE PACIFIC: ASIAN FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKETS THROUGH TRANQUILITY AND TURBULENCE

Using the longest data set on foreign exchange (FX) order flow to date, along with the broadest coverage of currencies to date, we examine the effect of FX order flow on exchange rates across small and large currencies, currencies with floating or fixed regimes, and across both tranquil and turbulent periods. Over our 15 years of data for 11 Asian and Australasian currencies, we find that order flow has a potentially strong impact on all exchange rates in the sample. The effect is strongest on floating exchange rates, both economically and statistically, but is sizeable also on the other exchange rates, especially during periods of turbulence. By creating a measure of regional order flow, we show that all exchange rates depreciate as flows are moved out of Asia/Australasia and into US dollars. This is true both across regimes and if their own flow is not included in the structure of the regional flow.     

Case study research with moderate constructionism: Conceptualization and practical illustration

This paper develops a case study approach that builds on the foundations of moderate constructionism and abduction. We discuss the case study method and its role in industrial marketing, especially in business-to-business networks. Moderate constructionism is compared with realist, critical realist, and relativist approaches. We argue that moderate constructionism takes better into account the multiple constructed, community-bounded realities that all case studies inevitably deal with. The power of moderate constructionism to produce valid and generalizable new knowledge is critically assessed. We also address abduction in relation to induction and deduction and its role in the moderate constructionist research approach. Finally, we develop a process model, illustrated by a case study of a specific network in the pharmaceutical industry.