Perceived trust in contractual channel dyads: an exploratory investigation of Finnish food retailers

Distributor firms have found long-term contracting an effective means of gaining competitive advantage. To realize these benefits, the alliance should involve trusting others. However, contracts can also be one-sided rather than reciprocal, favouring the larger business partner. Should trust develop naturally where there are formal contracts defining the terms of the relationship? And what inducements should a supplier take to gain retailers' trust? The trade-off is further complicated when the retailers operate in a small market with few suppliers and high barriers to entry. This study focuses on these questions. We use original field data from Finnish food retailers who have signed a written agreement with their focal wholesaler. We find that maintaining autonomy increases trust in the relationship. We also find that regular communication in the dyad and balance between perceived rewards and contributions are associated with higher levels of trust. In turn, intrachannel competition strongly reduces retailers' trust in the dyad.     

美国是“负责任”的实力下降霸权吗?——兼论中国必须掌握国际关系理论研究的话语权

随着美国的可持续发展能力和经济总量的相对下降,巨大的军费开支、难以缩小的财政赤字、自我变革能力的弱化阻碍着其重新振兴,其政府的国内治理能力下降。相应地,美国的软实力不断下降和所主张的发展模式对其他国家的吸引力也在减弱。从中长期来看,美国实力的相对下降已是一个客观趋势。作为世界唯一霸权,处在实力下行过程中的美国是否是一个负责任的国家,这是一个关系到全局的问题。更重要的是,在西方国际关系理论的主导下,理论框架和议题设置完全由西方决定,这类问题往往被遮蔽掉了。处在国力上升中的中国,在国际关系理论中如不能设置自己的议题,而只顺着西方设置的议题研究,将无法有效维护自己的国家利益,也难以争取国际秩序变革中的主动权。     

农信社银行间市场业务的发展状况与思考

近年来，我国银行间市场发展迅速，农村信用社改革试点工作也取得重大进展，但农村信用社银行间市场参与度普遍较低。文章以山东省内7个市地65家农村信用社为研究对象，深入分析影响其银行间市场业务发展的各种制约性因素，并在转变观念、完善体制和机制、加强政策指导和推动业务协作等方面提出了改进建议。     

Development banking and technological development: a case study of industrial development banks in the GCC countries

This article explores the important role of Industrial Development Banks in promoting the quality of technological development. It is argued that the historical experiences of the developed economies and several developing economies during recent times support the need and potentials of a more pro-active role by Industrial Development Banks. Against this background, the specific experiences of Industrial Development Banks in the Gulf Co-operation Council Countries are examined and the results of a select field survey are reported. This exploratory study suggests that some fundamental steps are needed in order to develop Industrial Development Banks from being comparatively passive conduits of technological aid to more active promoters of technological development.     

The new public management and the UK Police Service

This article explores the impact of the introduction of the New Public Management (NPM) within the UK Police Service since the mid-1990s. A specific focus upon individual performance management (one of the central features of NPM) is examined from the perspective of the police sergeant who has primary responsibility for managing performance and ultimately the delivery of policing services within one of the UK's ‘essential’ public services. After a discussion of the literature on individual performance management within the context of the NPM, the article identifies four major research questions relating to: the job role demands of performance management; access to valid and reliable performance management information; the capacity to provide follow-up development and support; and the wider integration of performance management with organization strategy and service objectives. After reporting on interview data collected from role sets in which the sergeant is a focal member, the article concludes with a discussion of the constraints upon effective performance management within the NPM.     

后危机时期国际信用衍生品市场的调整对我国的启示

此次国际金融危机以来,经过各国监管当局及市场各方的努力变革,全球信用衍生品市场正朝着更成熟稳健的方向发展,简单化产品重回市场主导地位,清算机制的完善降低了市场风险,信用衍生品市场规范和市场自律管理得到加强。当前,我国信用衍生品市场已初步建立起有序的监管体系和制度框架,发展信用衍生品市场具备了较好的市场基础,下一阶段,应充分发挥有利条件,克服不利因素,通过创新促进发展,推动我国信用衍生品市场健康发展。     

关于促进我国贷款转让市场规范健康发展的思考

《贷款转让交易主协议》的发布和交易平台的上线运行,初步奠定了我国贷款转让市场发展的基本框架,但与美国等发达贷款转让市场相比,我国贷款转让市场仍处于发展初级阶段,在市场主体、基础设施、制度建设等方面仍存在不少亟需完善之处。下一阶段,应通过进一步完善主体结构、健全市场机制、加强政策协调、强化自律管理等举措,推动贷款转让市场的规范、健康、可持续发展。     

关于资产证券化的资本计量

由于美国住房抵押贷款证券化产品的暴跌是次贷危机引爆器,因此,人们在研究加强资本监管时,会对证券化的资本计量给予特别关注。本文从理论结合实践的角度,对证券化产品各类市场参与者的相关资本计量问题进行了思考,梳理并归纳了资产证券化发起机构、投资机构和中介机构在各自资本计量过程中需遵循的原则及思路。