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Alexander Haupt 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2006,33(2):143-167
This paper analyses the implications of international trade for non-cooperative environmental policy in the case of local
production externalities. A particular focus is on the potential effects of regulations on the variety of goods and the resulting
international spillover caused by trade. A tougher domestic standard negatively affects the utility of the households abroad,
since such a policy reduces their variety of imports (due to fewer domestic product inventions) or their consumption of each
imported brand (due to higher import prices). Ignoring the negative spillover, non-cooperative governments implement inefficiently
strict standards in equilibrium. In contrast to this clear-cut inefficiency result, the impact of international trade on the
state of the environment is ambiguous. 相似文献
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Grietjie Verhoef 《Business History》2016,58(6):947-973
The South African Life Assurance Company (SANLAM) entered global markets after 1990, with varied success. Contextual pressures exerted a ‘push’ on financial services companies, which led to strategic changes in firm strategy, structure and performance. Theories of internationalisation afford more attention to industrial production internationalisation. This article explores the SANLAM experiences with internationalisation since the early 1990s. Initial internationalisation attempts were less successful, leading to strategic business changes, which led to a change in the globalisation strategy and more success in alternative markets. This article explores the different stages of SANLAM’s internationalisation strategy and what determined eventual success. The article contextualises the SANLAM internationalisation strategy by drawing on aspects of the process theory, the Matthews Linkage, Leverage and Learning (LLL) framework, and the Strategy, Structure, Organisation and Performance (SSOP) analytical framework. The SANLAM case underlines the crucial role of tacit knowledge of the host market as prerequisite for successful globalisation strategies of financial services’ firms. 相似文献
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Wolfgang Buchholz Alexander Haupt Wolfgang Peters 《Review of International Economics》2013,21(4):705-718
In this paper, we analyze how the prospect of international negotiations over trans‐boundary pollution shapes intracountry transfer schemes when the governments of the countries' polluting regions are in charge of environmental policy and negotiations. Federal governments can implement compensation payments between domestic regions and matching grants prior to the international negotiations between the polluting regions. The subgame‐perfect transfer schemes fail to fully internalize the environmental externality, leading to an inefficient international environmental agreement. As the international spillover increases, the intracountry compensation rates increase while the matching rates decline, distorting the incentives for the regional governments in opposing directions. We also show that decentralization of environmental decision making arises endogenously. 相似文献
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Alexander Haupt 《International Tax and Public Finance》2000,7(4-5):585-608
Thispaper examines the performance of non-cooperative environmentalpolicy in the case of local consumption externalities. In a two-countrymodel with monopolistic competiton, governments simultaneouslyimpose environmental product standards. Stricter regulationsforce the industrial sector to shift resources from non-environmentalto environmental R&D. Since the R&Dallocation in each country depends on the domestic as well asforeign policy, local decisions affect the economic and ecologicalsystem in the other region. Despite the arising spillovers, thepayoff dominant equilibria of the countries' game are efficient.This result requires similar but not identical preferences andtechnologies in both countries. It holds even if the regionsdiffer in market size. Under certain conditions, the non-cooperativesolutions remain efficient in the case of global pollution. 相似文献
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South Africa in the Australian mirror: per capita real GDP in the Cape Colony,Natal, Victoria,and New South Wales, 1861–1909 下载免费PDF全文
This article compares the real GDP per capita of the Cape Colony and Natal between 1861 and 1909 with that of Australia's two most developed colonies, Victoria and New South Wales. Estimates of European and non‐European GDP per capita for both South African colonies are also provided. Together, this information allows for the first time an evaluation of the growth performance of these important parts of the South African economy in the colonial era. The article concludes that South African performance in this period was stronger than often assumed and that by the beginning of the twentieth century European South Africans, now more fully integrated into a British World economy, operated at a level of GDP per capita that matched and in some places may have exceeded that of Australians. Non‐European South Africans, however, did not share in these same advances. 相似文献
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Traditional mean estimates of conditional sales given price and promotion variables may provide misleading guidance about the underlying market mechanisms, since high, low, and medium sales, respectively, may be generated by quite different price and promotion strategies. Empirical evidence for consumer good scanner data reveals nonlinearities and heteroskedasticity in the sales–response relationship—mean effects typically average and hence may obscure a potentially rich nature of observational data. Besides addressing the heterogeneity of price and promotional effects, the proposed quantile regression framework allows direct estimation of monotonicity restricted nonlinear pricing effects for quantiles of the sales distribution. 相似文献
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Wolfgang Buchholz Alexander Haupt Wolfgang Peters 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2005,107(1):175-195
This paper explores the outcome of an international environmental agreement when the governments are elected by their citizens. It also considers a voter's incentives for supporting candidates who are less green than she is. In the extreme case of “global” pollution, the elected politicians pay no attention to the environment, and the resulting international agreement is totally ineffective. Moreover, if governments cannot negotiate and have to decide non‐cooperatively (and voters are aware of this), the elected politicians can be greener, ecological damage can be lower and the median voter's payoff can be higher than in the case with bargaining. 相似文献