从日本的经验看中国工业污染治理的投资

本文宗旨在以当年日本工业污染治理的经验来观察和思考当今中国环境污染治理这一课题.战后日本也曾走过先污染后治理的弯路,结果社会受到损害.本文用一个数学模型阐明了污染治理的必要性,不然的话,将会是竭泽而渔.日本后来明白了这个道理,开始积极地治理污染.但本文更将重点放在考察战后日本经济高速增长中工业污染防治的具体过程上.日本工业污染治理投资在不同的阶段有不同的变化,不同的产业治污的费用也各不相同,这些形成了一个参考标准,对我们制定污染治理投资标准有一定的参考价值,同时还可帮助我们了解污染治理投资的过程变化.本文还对近年中国工业污染防治情况作了较详细的回顾.最后,基于当年日本的经验和当今中国的现实,文章将日本工业污染治理投资的阶段特征、产业特征以及治污费用的分担等经验与中国工业污染治理状况作了对比,据此提出了一些建议,以供中国制定工业企业污染治理对策作参考和借鉴.     

数字时代的银行业变迁——网点布局与行业结构

数字技术可以帮助市场主体重构组织模式,数字经济时代的金融业也因此迎来变革。本文基于2014年至2019年我国县级行政区数据,研究发现,数字金融的发展显著减缓了我国银行业金融机构实体网点的扩张势头,这种效应主要体现在股份制商业银行和城市商业银行上,并主要影响这两类银行的基层机构。同时,我们发现数字金融的发展加快了农村合作金融机构的转型和网点退出,但对国有“六大行”没有显著影响。进一步研究发现,数字金融的影响效果会随着经济发展程度提高和地区金融可得性增加而增强,但随着在位银行的市场势力提升而下降。本文为理解数字经济时代银行业的变迁提供了一定参考。     

Nineteenth Century Urban Market Failure?: Chadwick on Funeral Industry Regulation

This essay analyzes the regulatory theory and policy preceptions of Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890), the premier Benthamite utilitarian reformer. We focus on and analyze Chadwicks economic diagnosis of the London funeral market in the first half of the nineteenth century. In his view, externalities and market failure in both the burial and funeral service markets demanded socialization of property rights and implementation of a franchise bidding scheme. Chadwicks rationales for government intervention, including high taxes and information costs—unique, we believe, for his time—provide the basis for numerous forms of contemporary regulations at all levels in the United States today.     

Should Cookie Monster adopt a healthy lifestyle or continue to indulge? Insights into brand icons

Developing a brand icon has been a way for marketers to humanize and forge relationships with consumers. Icon development takes time. During this time, marketers have to face how much they stay true and consistent with their icons and how much they allow their icons to adapt to cultural changes in the marketplace. Little is known about how consumers respond to changing icons, and even less is known about whether there may be certain consumer groups that are more or less receptive to such changes. Four experiments and qualitative interviews were undertaken to gain insights into these issues. People who have a low need to belong were most impacted by changes in the icon, with effects most evident among consumers with a fearful attachment style. Feelings of rejection were found to amplify these effects. These findings have implications both for theory and practice.     

Increasing cooperation among plants,symbionts, and farmers is key to past and future progress in agriculture

The collective welfare of crop plants, their microbial symbionts, farmers, and society can be undermined by tragedies of the commons. A crop could increase resource allocation to grain if each plant invested less in sending roots into soil already explored by neighbors and less in stem growth. But evolutionary fitness depends on which plants capture the most soil resources and light (e.g., by growing taller than their neighbors), not just on the efficiency with which those resources are used. As for symbionts, with several strains infecting each plant, only host-imposed sanctions limit the fitness of strains that divert more resources to their own reproduction, at the expense of activities that benefit their host plant. Similarly, individual farmers do not necessarily benefit from pest- and resource-management practices that benefit farmers collectively or society as a whole. Plant breeders have increased crop yields by reversing past selection for individual fitness and they could breed for crops that would favor more-cooperative microbial symbionts. Better aligning interests among farmers and society may be more difficult.     

基于制造业技术创新的战略性贸易政策与我国产业结构优化研究

文章采用理论分析、数理建模、实证分析等方法，对战略性贸易政策在制造业技术创新、产业结构升级与优化中的重要作用进行了研究。研究结果表明：（1）LZFTR（政府资金投入）与CJP（初级品）的相关系数r＝-0.964，LZFTR与ZCP（工业制成品）的相关系数r＝0.982（P＜0.01）。表明战略性贸易政策能够有效降低初级品出口比重，增加工业制品的出口比重，从而促进出口贸易结构不断升级与优化；（2） 战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品出口贸易固定效应、随机效应模型系数值均为正，战略性贸易政策政府研究发展补贴每增加100%，高技术产业对外贸易结构就会优化0.0042，说明战略性贸易政策对高技术制造业产品的外贸易结构变化有正向促进作用；（3）战略性贸易政策对各高技术制造行业贸易结构的影响不尽相同，其对医药制造业及各小类行业对外贸易出口产业结构优化均有明显的促进作用，其对仪器仪表出口贸易结构优化有着明显的促进作用，但是对医疗设备与器械制造出口贸易结构优化的促进作用并不显著。在此基础上作者提出了推动我国实现产业结构优化的相关战略性贸易政策建议，以期为提高我国制造业的自主创新能力，优化产业结构提供一定的理论参考。     

基于生态视角下的建筑业创新问题模拟研究

目前关于建筑行业创新投入、技术扩散、对建筑产业整体收益、产业集中度的影响难以用实际数据分析,因而从个体企业行为角度出发,根据多智能体理论,使用多主体仿真平台(Netlogo)建模平台,建立我国建筑业的交易行为互动流程,模拟运行建筑产业创新行为,观察并分析论证创新使产业集中度产生波动,创新企业数量与产业收益是U型关系,技术扩散速度对产业收益有极大影响的结论。     

婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。     

浅谈理工科分析化学实验课程教学改革

本文介绍在分析化学实验教学中,培养学生独立查阅相关文献,设计相关实验,锻炼学生思维能力和动手能力,提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,为培养全面型化学化工人才提供有力保障。     

危机后对“华盛顿共识”和“北京共识”的思考——关于经济自由与经济增长的经验分析

本文分别使用世界各国的截面数据和中国的时间序列数据分析经济自由度指数与经济增长率的关系。结果表明,在控制了劳动力人口、资本存量以及人力资本等变量后,经济自由度与经济增长率之间存在非常密切的正向(因果)关系。我们的工作不仅为亚当.斯密的自由经济理论提供了新证据,而且证明了中国的经济增长正是得益于经济自由度的提高,中国并不是自由经济理论的一个例外。