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Comparisons of households of differing composition are usually achieved through the use of equivalence scales. It is well known that the choice of scales can have considerable impact on the conclusions drawn from studies of welfare and poverty. There is a considerable literature on the theoretical issues relating to equivalence scales, but applied work on income distribution and related areas almost invariably takes scales to be constant irrespective of income. This paper focuses on the relation of scale to income, by applying theoretical analysis to some simple household types. The conclusion is that scales are not constant and that current practice should be changed. 相似文献
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Proofs of compatibility of the expected utility and μ/σ approaches to incorporating uncertainty in decision making exist for
at least some utility functions and location–scale distributions. But there are severe constraints and it is desirable to
investigate compatibility more widely. We do so for the class of distributions that are transformable to location–scale form
by concave transformation and where the utility functions remain concave under transformation. The class is important, containing
distributions such as the lognormal and Pareto, usually considered more appropriate for modelling income or wealth than those
in the location–scale family.
We are grateful to Jack Meyer for very helpful comments and discussions and also to an anonymous referee for useful remarks. 相似文献
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Denis Conniffe 《Journal of econometrics》1985,27(2):179-196
It is well known that generalised least-squares estimators of a set of regression equations coincide with ordinary least-squares estimators when the explanatory variables are the same in all equations and there are equal numbers of observations. This paper is concerned with the case of unequal numbers of observations and it is shown that the above result no longer holds. Appropriate estimators are derived and their small-sample properties are investigated analytically. The results are of practical importance because the data patterns discussed can easily arise in econometric studies. 相似文献
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Denis Conniffe 《The Canadian journal of economics》2006,39(4):1388-1397
Abstract . The difficulty of specifying a set of consumer demand equations that can simultaneously display compatibility with rational economic behaviour (regularity) and have the capacity to represent a comprehensive spectrum of consumer behaviour (flexibility) is well known. A variety of approaches have been investigated in the literature, but scope for substantial improvement remains. The approach of this paper is to start from indirect utility functions producing globally regular, if inflexible, systems and to improve flexibility by adding parameters through a device termed 'indirect addilog translation.' 相似文献
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