Poverty status and expenditure patterns: comparison between elderly and non-elderly households

The purpose of this study was to find out if significant differences exist in patterns of expenditures between elderly and non-elderly consumers, taking poverty status into account. Cluster analysis was used to identify expenditure patterns. Four different expenditure patterns were found. Elderly middle-income and affluent households were more likely to belong to service-using cluster than non-elderly poor households. Nonelderly households were more likely to belong to shelter-dominated cluster than elderly households. Poor households were more likely to belong to homebound cluster, while non-poor households were more likely to belong to car-centred cluster.     

Foundations of Dominant-Strategy Mechanisms

Robert Wilson criticizes applied game theory's reliance on common-knowledge assumptions. In reaction to Wilson's critique, the recent literature of mechanism design has adopted the goal of finding detail-free mechanisms in order to eliminate this reliance. In practice this has meant restricting attention to simple mechanisms such as dominant-strategy mechanisms. However, there has been little theoretical foundation for this approach. In particular it is not clear the search for an optimal mechanism that does not rely on common-knowledge assumption would lead to simpler mechanisms rather than more complicated ones. This paper tries to fill the void. In the context of an expected revenue maximizing auctioneer, we investigate some foundations for using simple, dominant-strategy auctions.     

ASEE-EED Revised Bylaws

Moon and Yun justified the optimality of solutions derived from the first order conditions in Kim, Philippatos and Chung. With that optimality of solutions, bounds for the optimal cycle time are derived. Then, using those bounds, a simple algorithm to compute the optimal cycle time is developed.     

Why Option Prices Lag Stock Prices: A Trading-based Explanation

While many studies find that option prices lead stock prices, Stephan and Whaley (1990) find that stocks lead options. We find no evidence that options, even deep out-of-the-money options, lead stocks. After confirming Stephan and Whaley's results, we show their results can be explained as spurious leads induced by infrequent trading of options. We show that the stock lead disappears when the average of the bid and ask prices is used instead of transaction prices. Hence, we find no evidence of arbitrage opportunities associated with the stock lead.     

TECHNICAL NOTE A MODIFIED EOQ MODEL WITH TEMPORARY SALE PRICE DERIVED WITHOUT DERIVATIVES

Most previous works applied differential calculus to derive optimal solutions for economic ordering policy. The formulations are suggested in this short note to show that optimal solutions can be derived algebraically without using differential calculus to treat the EOQ model with a temporary sale price.     

Patterns of Productivity in the Finance Literature: A Study of the Bibliometric Distributions

This study finds a bibliometric regularity in the finance literature that the number of authors publishing n papers is about $1/n^c$ of those publishing one paper. We find that the finance literature conforms very well to the inverse square law $(c=2)$ if data are taken from a large collection of journals. When applied to individual finance journals, we find that values of c range from 1.95 to 3.26. We also find that top-rated journals have higher concentrations among their contributors. This implies that the phenomenon “success breeds success” is more common in higher quality publications.     

Have We Underestimated the Likelihood and Severity of Zero Lower Bound Events?

Prior to the financial crisis, most economists probably did not view the zero lower bound (ZLB) as a major problem for central banks. Using a range of structural and statistical models, we find that previous research understated the ZLB threat by ignoring uncertainty about model parameters and latent variables, focusing too much on the Great Moderation experience, and relying on structural models whose dynamics cannot generate sustained ZLB episodes. Our analysis also suggests that the Federal Reserve's asset purchases, while materially improving macroeconomic conditions, did not prevent the ZLB constraint from having first‐order adverse effects on real activity and inflation.     

El efecto de la polarización del mercado de trabajo sobre la inserción laboral de los estudiantes universitarios en la República de Corea. Repercusiones en el desempleo juvenil

Se estima el efecto del entorno del mercado de trabajo y de las variables macroeconómicas sobre las decisiones y los indicadores laborales de los estudiantes universitarios en la República de Corea, según datos de la encuesta sobre movilidad laboral de los graduados para 2005–2013. Los resultados indican que la polarización del mercado de trabajo, medida con el índice de polarización de Chung y Jung (2016), incide significativamente en el desempleo nominal y encubierto (por la prolongación de la etapa estudiantil y el traslado de universidad) de los universitarios. Se concluye que la estructura del mercado de trabajo es un elemento fundamental para entender el desempleo juvenil.     

Application of consumption and income data to policy issues,with special reference to women

This study provides an overview of how data on household consumption and income may be collected and used to help decision-makers in designing programmes and policies that promote social and economic development. Special attention is given to methodologies for accurately portraying the participation of women in consumption and consumption-related activities.