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1.
In this paper a multi-factor generalization of Ho–Lee model is proposed. In sharp contrast to the classical Ho–Lee, this generalization
allows for those movements other than parallel shifts, while it still is described by a recombining tree, and is a process
with stationary independent increments to be compatible with principal component analysis. Based on the model, generalizations
of duration-based hedging are proposed. A continuous-time limit of the model is also discussed.
This research was supported by Open Research Center Project for Private Universities: matching fund subsidy from MEXT, 2004–2008
and also by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research (No. 18540146) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Sciences. 相似文献
2.
Reiko Aoki 《Economic Theory》2003,21(2-3):653-672
We show how credible revelation and ability to commit to quality choice effect equilibrium qualities and welfare when product
market is either Bertrand or Cournot competition. We show that results depend on the type of competition but not generally
on the cost of quality function. We show that with Bertrand competition, the equilibrium qualities are lower with credible
commitment. Competition is moderated and producer surplus is higher and consumer surplus lower. With Cournot competition,
higher quality will be better but lower quality will be worse with credible commitment. Consumer surplus is always greater
with credible commitment and if cost does not increase too quickly with quality, producer surplus will also increase. Thus
credible commitment is a collusive device with Bertrand competition but it can improve social welfare with Cournot competition.
Received: February 8, 2000; revised version: February 14, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" The idea of this paper originated in the weekly workshops of Mordecai Kurz at Stanford. I am forever in debted to Mordecai
and fellow students – Luis Cabral, Peter DeMarzo, John Hillas, Michihiro Kandori, Steve Langois, Patrick McAllister, Steve
Sharpe, Peter Streufert, Steve Turnbull and Gyu-Ho Wang – for their criticism and encouragement. I also benefited from comments
from Yi-Heng Chen, Jin-Li Hu, Kala Krishna, Jinji Naoto, Thomas J. Prusa, and Shyh-Fang Ueng at various later stages of this
work. Last but not least, I am grateful for the detailed comments of the referee. 相似文献
3.
Chihiro Watanabe Author Vitae Reiko Kondo Author Vitae Author Vitae Haihong Wei Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2004,71(4):365-390
Successful innovation and diffusion of technology can be attributed to the identification of the orbit of emerging new technologies that complement or substitute for existing technologies. This dynamism resembles the co-evolution process in an ecosystem. In an ecosystem, in order to maintain sustainable development, the complex interplay between competition and cooperation, typically observed in predator-prey systems, create a sophisticated balance. Given that an ecosystem can be used as a masterpiece system, this sophisticated balance can provide suggestive ideas for identifying an optimal orbit of competitive innovations with complement or substitution dynamism.Prompted by such a sophisticated balance in an ecosystem, this paper analyzes the optimal orbit of competitive innovations and, on the basis of an application of Lotka-Volterra equations, it reviews substitution orbits of Japan's monochrome to color TV system, fixed telephones to cellular telephones, cellular telephones to mobile Internet access service, and analog to digital TV broadcasting. On the basis of substitution orbits analyses, it attempts to extract suggestions supportive to identifying an optimal policy option in a complex orbit leading to expected orbit.Key findings include policy options that are effective in controlling parameters for Lotka-Volterra equations leading to expected orbit. 相似文献
4.
Yasuharu Aoki 《International Review of Finance》2014,14(4):613-645
Focusing on the legal protection of minority shareholders in Japan, which suggests that manager‐owned firms are better governed than corporation‐owned firms, this study presents a new test of two dividend models: the substitute model and the outcome model. In support of the latter, I find that manager‐owned firms pay higher dividends than corporation‐owned firms. The paper also examines the association between ownership by the largest shareholder and dividend payments. I find an inverted U‐shaped relationship for manager‐owned firms and a U‐shaped relationship for corporation‐owned firms between them. These results can be explained by the benefits and drawbacks of concentrated ownership. 相似文献
5.
Reiko Gotoh 《Pacific Economic Review》2001,6(2):211-222
This essay examines the foundation of welfare reform in the light of Amartya Sen's capability theory and the implications of his theory in the context of contemporary industrialized society. A method to formulate the equality of capabilities and to capture its philosophical meaning is explored from the viewpoint of a fair distributive justice; two concepts of freedom, well‐being freedom and agency freedom ; and the process of human life. 相似文献
6.
Takaaki Aoki 《Applied economics》2013,45(18):2361-2368
This article describes one simple Cournot oligopoly model with linear inverse demand and international linkage, and tries to analyse how the degree of competitiveness, the diversity in comparative advantage, consumer preference and market volume are closely interrelated with each other in the course of free trade areas (FTA) liberalization. The influence of income/substitution effects to firm's profit maximization is also examined. My analysis shows some basic results and implications regarding the tariff-setting strategies and the incentive for endogenous internal liberalization, as well as the role of FTA formation on a stream to world-wide liberalization. 相似文献
7.
8.
Masanao Aoki 《Economics Letters》1978,1(2):157-162
Short-run stability of a small open economy under flexible exchange rate regimes is shown to involve joint conditions on the rates of the growth of the public debt and of the current account surplus. 相似文献
9.
10.
Masanao Aoki 《Economics Letters》1978,1(4):371-377
A two-country general equilibrium model of the world, where the interest-rate parity and the purchasing power parity conditions hold, is used to demonstrate how the two economies become interdependent through expectational mechanisms, and the government budgets being not in balance. 相似文献