Socio-demographics,political attitudes and informal sector employment: A cross-country analysis

In this paper, we empirically investigate the relationship between informal sector employment and micro-level socio-demographic characteristics, political acts and attitudes, and individual norms. Using self-reported individual micro-level data from the World Values Survey for seven developing countries (China, Ecuador, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Yemen), our cross-country regressions and principal component analysis reveal that socio-demographic characteristics of individuals are strong predictors of their informal sector employment. Our estimations further document that individual preferences for an economically strong, interventionist and egalitarian state and confidence in state and political institutions are positively and significantly correlated with informal sector employment, whereas variables associated with confidence in free market institutions and support for competition are negatively and significantly correlated with informal sector employment. We also show that individuals who participate either actively or inactively in peaceful and lawful political processes are significantly less likely to work in the informal sector. Finally, we document that individual norms, such as religiosity and tax morale, are negatively correlated with informal sector employment. Throughout our analysis, instead of having to rely on ad-hoc informality categorizations of third parties, we base our measurement of informal sector employment directly on the self-evaluation of individuals, who have the best information on the degree of their informality.     

“问题富豪”如何凸现中国银行业信贷管理缺陷？

福布斯在中国内地的出名，更多是因其著名的“富豪榜”，但最近的内地富豪中有几位却遇到了不小的“麻烦”。今年在上海举办的《福布斯》论坛中诸多议题之一的中国银行业也备受关注，而这几位遇到不小“麻烦”的富豪给中国的银行业起到了什么警惕作用呢？“问题富豪”反映出中国银行业信贷管理缺陷有哪些？就此，国务院发展研究中心经济研究副所长巴曙松博士特撰此稿。     

基于战略意图的战略联盟绩效评价指标体系研究

目前理论界对于企业战略联盟绩效评价的研究,大多数都是使用单纯的财务绩效指标对联盟的绩效进行评价。本文提出,联盟的绩效评价首先应当从组成联盟的企业的各自角度出发。其次由于不同的战略联盟的战略意图相差迥异,应当从战略联盟建立的战略意图出发,来设计评价战略联盟绩效的指标体系。首先对战略联盟各种战略意图作了一个系统的分析,然后提出一套基于战略意图的联盟绩效的评价指标体系,并给出了一种定量评价方法。     

POSTERIOR‐PREDICTIVE EVIDENCE ON US INFLATION USING EXTENDED NEW KEYNESIAN PHILLIPS CURVE MODELS WITH NON‐FILTERED DATA

Changing time series properties of US inflation and economic activity, measured as marginal costs, are modeled within a set of extended New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) models. It is shown that mechanical removal or modeling of simple low‐frequency movements in the data may yield poor predictive results which depend on the model specification used. Basic NKPC models are extended to include structural time series models that describe typical time‐varying patterns in levels and volatilities. Forward‐ and backward‐looking expectation components for inflation are incorporated and their relative importance is evaluated. Survey data on expected inflation are introduced to strengthen the information in the likelihood. Use is made of simulation‐based Bayesian techniques for the empirical analysis. No credible evidence is found on endogeneity and long‐run stability between inflation and marginal costs. Backward‐looking inflation appears stronger than forward‐looking inflation. Levels and volatilities of inflation are estimated more precisely using rich NKPC models. The extended NKPC structures compare favorably with existing basic Bayesian vector autoregressive and stochastic volatility models in terms of fit and prediction. Tails of the complete predictive distributions indicate an increase in the probability of deflation in recent years. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formal and real ownership structure of the Polish economy: state-owned versus state-controlled enterprises

This article analyses the difference between the state’s formal and real shares in the Polish economy. We identify two basic types of corporate control exercised by the state over enterprises through ownership (in the case of majority ownership) and non-ownership tools (in the case of minority ownership). Consequently, we distinguish between two types of state enterprises: state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state-controlled enterprises (SCEs). In post-communist economies, SCEs mainly originate from so-called reluctant privatisation, in which the transfer of ownership rights takes place without the appropriate transfer of control rights. We discuss the tools of non-ownership control used by the state. Our estimates of the real share of state enterprises in the Polish economy (which include both SOEs and SCEs) show that it is almost two times higher than the formal share (only SOEs). The share of state enterprises is also highest in the group of Poland’s largest and most important firms. We conclude that the real importance of state enterprises in the Polish economy is much higher than might be expected if only the formal share of state ownership is taken into account.     

《上海伙友》述论——兼及店员之生存状态

1920年10月创刊的<上海伙友>周刊,是上海工商友谊会的机关刊物,所载文章形式活泼,体裁多样.该刊主要面向店员发行.初期曾受中共影响,后转而宣传社会改良主义和劳资调和论.透过该刊"店员来信",可以从中看出当时店员复杂艰辛的生存状态.     

汇率冲击与外汇储备对人民币国际化的动态影响——基于IS-LM-EE模型和SVAR的实证分析

本文基于IS-LM-EE模型构建了汇率冲击效应的理论模型,并利用SVAR方法对1996~2010年的月度时间序列数据,从国际贸易规模、人民币价值稳定、金融业发展三个方面研究了汇率和外汇储备冲击对人民币国际化的动态影响。分析结果表明,短期内人民币渐进和小幅升值虽然给国际贸易带来负面冲击,然而长期内这不仅有利于出口导向型发展模式的转变和国际收支的再平衡,而且也有助于实现低通货膨胀率和人民币的内外价值稳定。此外,外汇储备累积通过货币供给、利率、银行利差等渠道对人民币价值稳定及其国际化形成不可忽略的负面冲击。     

Measurement of organizational investments in social capital: The service employee perspective

This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts.     

次贷危机中的中国:看到危险,更要看到机会

美国次贷危机正在演变成全球经济危机,这是全球经济结构失衡以及金融监管不能适应金融模式创新导致的一次真正的全球化时代的金融危机.其对中国而言,既是危机,也是机遇.全球经济危机无疑会对中国经济产生强烈的冲击,但在全球化时代,中国已经积累相当的经济实力,只要宏观政策应对得当,就可以将危机转化为中国崛起的机遇.     

金融机构的政府救助与监管声誉:一个理论框架和现实解释

在金融市场上,政府监管的声誉反映了对金融机构的威慑力,针对金融机构的违规破产,政府不合理的救助行为会极大损害其监管声誉,降低威慑力,同时金融机构道德风险的产生和违规概率加大会造成政府救助成本的进一步增加和社会总财富的持续减少。本文通过简化的KM RW模型分析了这一过程,并认为这一现象实质上反映了中国金融市场秩序和法律秩序深层次的矛盾冲突,应当积极建立承诺可信的规范的监管秩序。