Quantitative Analysis of Foreign Trade and Environmental Efficiency in China

This article analyzes the relationships among trade, the economy, and environmental quality in China. First, in the context of these relationships, the Super-SBM model is used to calculate the environmental efficiencies of thirty Chinese provinces and cities to obtain the degrees of regional disparity. Second, China’s provincial panel data from 2003 and 2012 are used to establish an influential factor indicator system of environmental efficiency. A section-weighted fixed effect model then provides insights about influential factors such as spatial heterogeneity. Third, the article establishes a variable coefficient model to identify the relationships among the objects of the study and divides the Chinese regions into four types. The suggestions include enhancing environmental and business regulations to ensure equilibrium between trade, the environment, and local economies.     

BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ABSTRACT: By entrepreneurial combinations of voluntary resources, project means from public and private sources, commissions on contracts and other ways of financing, the youth house Fryshuset, with a great number of social activities for primarily young people in Stockholm, Sweden, has been able to allocate resources for establishing and expanding its activities. This development would not have been possible without struggle against established norms, values, traditions and institutions, not least the ‘close to monopoly’ that the public sector in practice was having on the fields in which Fryshuset emerged. Step by step, Fryshuset has built partnerships and alliances with public, private as well as civil actors. Expressed in a general way, Fryshuset has built a new social capital and created new norms and values. The aim of the paper is to investigate how Fryshuset has managed to build social capital through, and for entrepreneurial efforts aiming to facilitate young peoples’ development.     

考虑环境因素的中国电力能源效率测度与改进

在界定全要素电力能源效率概念的基础上,构建了考虑环境因素的非径向全要素电力能源效率DEA模型。利用相关数据,从省际、区域两个层面对我国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的电力能源效率进行测度分析。结果显示:在全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)中,只有14个省区的电力能源效率是有效的,且这些省区不存在电力节能潜力;北京、天津、上海三大城市的平均电力能源效率最高,西部地区的该均值最低;我国省际电力能源效率存在显著的区域性差距,且4大区域的电力能源效率存在一定的梯度差距;对省区进行投入、产出调整,可使全国的电力消费量缩减6309.08亿千瓦小时。最后提出提高我国电力能源效率的政策建议。     

Early exercise of American put options: Investor rationality on the Swedish equity options market

Using Swedish equity option data, this study investigates how well the actual exercise behavior of American put options corresponds to the early exercise rules. The optimal exercise strategy is established in two ways. First, the critical exercise price, above which a put option should be exercised early, is computed and compared to the actual exercise price. Second, the exercise value of the option is compared to its market bid price. The results show that most early exercise decisions conform to rational exercise behavior, even though a large number of failures to exercise are found. Most of the faulty exercises can also be discarded after a sensitivity analysis, although several failures to exercise are considered irrational, even after taking transaction costs into account. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:167–188, 2000     

Emotions in motion: tourist experiences in time and space

Issues of crime in a destination area affect real and perceived visitor safety; away from rare but high profile incidents such as terrorist attacks, visitor security is more likely to be affected by a lesser criminal activity. This paper contributes to our existing understanding of how tourism can be affected by criminal activity by selecting a definable geographical area and investigating the dimensions, scale and nature of visitor-related crime and the perceptions, attitudes and behaviours of visitors in relation to safety issues. The results indicate that, although visitors believed the destination to be a safe one, the statistics indicated that they were more susceptible to crimes of dishonesty, in particular vehicle-related theft, and the times and places they were at risk evidenced different patterns to residents. With visitors accounting for less than 10% of the total population, these differences are not immediately apparent. Visitors are not homogenous and distinct groupings based on perceptions, attitudes and behaviours were found. TheREFore, there is a requirement to examine how crime is impacting on visitors by distinguishing them from the overall crime figures, but measures to protect visitors also have to be tailored to take cognisance of typologies of visitors.     

京沪高速铁路生态现代化的思考——基于区域生态系统项目的技术经济评价模型

京沪高速铁路生态系统建设将是中国东部六省市率先实现生态现代化的重大契机,正外部性效应是京沪高速铁路生态系统项目技术经济评价的主要特征,管理部门有必要定量测算其复合生态系统的生态正外部性并使正外部效应内部化.根据京沪高速铁路生态系统的收益应该等于其具有私人品属性的正产品收益和具有正公共品属性的副产品收益之和这一原理,可以设计京沪高速铁路生态系统技术经济评价的三个主要指标,它不仅可以用于其项目评价,而且从理论上为政府最大限度地支持生态系统的发展,提供一个定量测度的工具.     

投资环境的SWOT分析——以安徽沿江城市为例

城市投资环境己成为当今倍受关注的焦点。对于处在我国中部崛起和"长三角"经济一体化形势下的安徽沿江城市,保持目前整体良好的发展势头,正确面对优势和劣势,从而加快发展,非常重要。采用SWOT分析法,针对安徽沿江城市投资环境的现状及存在的问题,提出相关建议。     

Consulting versus participatory transdisciplinarity: A refined classification of transdisciplinary research

This paper analyses transdisciplinarity and discusses the conceptual changes it has undergone during the past decade. Transdisciplinarity is currently perceived as an extended knowledge production including a variety of actors and with an open perception of the relevance of different forms of scientific and lay knowledge. By stressing scope of collaboration, a clearer distinction can be established between interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity than was possible with the former focus on degree of integration. However, integration is still an essential feature of transdisciplinarity and in emphasising the need to acknowledge the different roles actors can play in knowledge production a distinction can be identified between two different forms of transdisciplinarity; consulting versus participatory transdisciplinarity. This distinction draws upon the qualitative difference between research conducted including all kinds of actors on equal terms in the knowledge production process (participatory transdisciplinarity) or having actors from outside academia responding and reacting to the research conducted (consulting transdisciplinarity). Both forms fulfil the basic requirements of transdisciplinarity but differ regarding the challenges involved, and thus a distinction needs to be made between them when discussing, commissioning or evaluating research.     

全球绿色气候基金融资责任分摊机制研究——一种兼顾责任与能力的视角

文章基于当前全球绿色气候基金(GCF)融资不足的现实背景,从国家间融资分摊的历史责任和支付能力视角出发,并借鉴联合国会费分摊(UN)、联合国官方发展援助计划(ODA)和全球环境基金(GEF)等现存的国际资金筹集经验,对五种潜在融资机制下GCF融资责任的分摊效果进行了系统研究,并在此基础上采用投票理论对不同方案进行加权,得到一种兼顾多种分摊思想的PSC融资责任分摊体系.研究发现:(1)不同分摊方案会有不同的出资结果,如美国在GEF方案下出资份额最小,而日本和欧盟则在历史责任方案下分摊份额最小;(2)在PSC分摊框架下,欧盟需要出资43.57％,美国需要出资35.33％,日本需要出资9.10％;(3)如果GCF融资成员扩至BRICS国家,金砖国家共需出资6.32％,发达国家仍是气候基金的主要融资方,其中欧盟、日本和美国出资份额之和不低于80％.研究有助于促使气候基金落实融资承诺,其相关方案也能为当前GCF融资体系建设提供有益借鉴.     

Bayesian estimation of an open economy DSGE model with incomplete pass-through

In this paper, we develop a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for an open economy, and estimate it on Euro area data using Bayesian estimation techniques. The model incorporates several open economy features, as well as a number of nominal and real frictions that have proven to be important for the empirical fit of closed economy models. The paper offers: i) a theoretical development of the standard DSGE model into an open economy setting, ii) Bayesian estimation of the model, including assessments of the relative importance of various shocks and frictions for explaining the dynamic development of an open economy, and iii) an evaluation of the model's empirical properties using standard validation methods.